Objetivo: Comparar los niveles de ronquido, como síntomas o predecesores de la Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (AOS), antes y después de la colocación de un nuevo dispositivo de avance mandibular (DAM), colocado como opción para el control de los mecanismos patológicos respiratorios del sueño que se han asociado con disfunciones cognitivas, somnolencia diurna excesiva y como un agravante del desarrollo del Alzheimer y del Parkinson. Metodología: Estudio de serie de casos que consideró 12 adultos roncadores identificados inicialmente con el App Roncolab®. Se realizó historia clínica del sueño y polisomnografía (PSG) inicial (A) y final de control (D). Se colocó un nuevo diseño de DAM que se revisó cada 20 días durante dos meses. Se analizaron parámetros neurofisiológicos, cardiopulmonares y del sueño. Las diferencias estadísticas entre las variables se establecieron según la distribución de los datos con pruebas de t-student o U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: El promedio de eventos de ronquido según PSG fueron (A: D: 260) con p>0,05; según el Roncolab® (A: 73.6; D: 22.6) con un p <0,05. No hubo diferencias entre los promedios de oximetría (A: 0.84; D: 0.83) ni frecuencia cardíaca (A: 65; D: 66.9). Conclusiones: A corto plazo no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa después de la colocación del DAM en los eventos respiratorios y cardíacos, la oximetría ni en los episodios de apnea según PSG. El Roncolab® registró disminución significativa de los eventos de ronquido. Palabras clave: Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño, Disfunciones cognitivas, Férulas oclusales, Ronquido
Objetive: To compare the stresses and deformations generated on the surrounding bone of the zygomatic implants when using an intra sinusal and extra-maxillary approach, through the finite element method. Material and Methods: Computer aided designs (CADs) were constructed using SolidWorks Software of a skull with bone resorption to be rehabilitated through a fixed hybrid prosthesis using two zygomatic and two conventional straight implants. For the boundary conditions (load conditions), symmetry in the sagittal plane was assumed and that all the materials were isotropic, homogeneous and linearly elastic. Two zygomatic implantation techniques were simulated: intra sinusal (Is) and extra maxillary (Em). Vertical and lateral loads of 150 N and 50 N were applied to the finite element models to obtain Von Mises equivalent stress and strain (displacement). Results: The average measurement of the Von Mises stress (MPa) recorded were as follows: Approach of the implant body (Is: 0.24- Em: 0.28,) effort of implant body with vertical load: Is: 0.69 - Em: 0.96; effort of peri-implant surface under horizontal load: Is: 2.11 - Em: 0.94. Average displacement under vertical load of peri-implant surface Is: 0.35 - Em: 0.40, and of implant body Is: 1.34 - Em: 2.04. Average total deformation in approach Is: 2.23 mm - Em: 0.80mm, and average total deformation in the implant body under horizontal load was Is: 0.14 - Em: 0.21. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that despite the differences that occurred in both stress and strain (displacement) between the intra-sinus and extra-maxillary approaches, the static strength of the bone, which is approximately 150 MPa in tension and 250 MPa in compression was not exceeded. Considering the limitations of finite element analysis, there seems to be no biomechanical reason to choose one approach over the other.
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