IMPORTANCE Dermoscopy increases the diagnostic accuracy for melanoma. However, the accuracy of individual structures and patterns used in melanoma detection has not been systematically evaluated.OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic accuracy of individual dermoscopic structures and patterns used in melanoma detection.DATA SOURCES A search of Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from inception to July 2020.STUDY SELECTION Studies evaluating the dermoscopic structures and patterns among melanomas in comparison with nonmelanoma lesions were included. Excluded were studies with fewer than 3 patients, studies in languages other than English or Spanish, studies not reporting dermoscopic structures per lesion type, and studies assessing only nail, mucosal, acral, facial, or metastatic melanomas or melanomas on chronically sun-damaged skin. Multiple reviewers applied these criteria, and 0.7% of studies met selection criteria. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESISThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guideline were followed. Guidelines were applied via independent extraction by multiple observers. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe prespecified outcome measures were diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) and risk (odds ratio [OR]) of melanoma for the following dermoscopic structures/patterns: atypical dots/globules, atypical network, blue-white veil, negative network, off-centered blotch, peripheral-tan structureless areas, atypical vessels (eg, linear irregular, polymorphous), pseudopods, streaks, regression (ie, peppering, scarlike areas), shiny white structures, angulated lines, irregular pigmentation, and a multicomponent pattern. RESULTS A total of 40 studies including 22 796 skin lesions and 5736 melanomas were evaluated. The structures and patterns with the highest ORs were shiny white structures (OR,

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Introduction: Dermoscopy is a useful technique that aids in early detection of skin cancer by increasing diagnostic accuracy with adequate training. However, dermoscopy is not uniformly taught to residents worldwide. Dermoscopy training in Latin American dermatology residency programs has not been explored. Objectives: To assess current dermoscopy training among dermatology residency programs in Latin America (e.g. training modalities, preferred/most effective modalities per residents, diseases/pathologies taught). Methods: Cross-sectional survey distributed via email between March and May 2021. Chief residents from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, and Uruguay were invited to participate. Results: 81 chief residents completed the questionnaire (81/126, 64.2%). 72% of programs had an established dermoscopy curriculum, with dedicated hours of training varying greatly by program. Institutions commonly utilized sessions with “unknown” dermoscopy images and direct teaching by experts in the clinical setting as supplements to lectures, also described by residents as most effective. The most commonly taught methods included pattern analysis (74.1%), the two-step algorithm (61.7%), and the ABCD rule (59.3%). Almost all respondents reported desiring additional training during residency and believe that dermoscopy training should be a requirement to graduate from residency. Conclusion: This study highlights the current landscape in dermoscopy training among dermatology residency programs in Latin America, demonstrating room for improvement and standardization in dermoscopic education and training. Our results serve as a baseline reference and provide valuable information to guide future educational initiatives incorporating successful teaching strategies (e.g. spaced education/repetition, flipped classroom model) used in dermatology and other fields.