an increase in training volume at high intensity levels were related to injury incidence, or 6 increased the odds of injury. Training intensity was assessed through time spent in two high-7 and very high-intensity zones of 85-<90% and ≥90% of maximal heart rate (T-HI and T-VHI, 8 respectively), and all injuries were recorded over two consecutive seasons. Twenty-three elite 9 professional male soccer players (meanSD age 25.64.6 years, stature 181.86.8 cm, and 10 body mass of 79.38.1 kg) were studied throughout the 2-yrs span of the investigation. The 11 results showed a mean of total injury incidence of 18.8 (95% CI 14.7 to 22.9) injuries per 1000 12 h of exposure. Significant correlations were found between training volume at high intensities

The lack of women in graduate-level jobs in sport may be because of a lack of supply. Based on data from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service for the UK (UCAS, 2017), the number of females applying and being accepted onto sport and exercise science courses is low. These figures are also decreasing. In 2016, 29% of applicants were female, compared to in 2007, when 34% were female; the same percentages were observed for acceptances (UCAS, 2017). In the US, there is a distinct lack of gender diversity in sport management programmes (as well as disproportion of Faculty/staff members), with nearly 40% of sport management programmes having a female student ratio of less than 20% (Floyd Jones, Brooks, & Mak, 2008). The low numbers of females completing sport-related degrees may contribute to the inequalities observed in the labour market. To explore why there are fewer females than males on sport-related courses and in sport-related employment at senior level, researchers have examined perceived barriers through interviews and questionnaires. Some similar theories have emerged from these studies to explain this gender disparity, including: gender stereotyping and gender discrimination; a perceived lack of self-confidence amongst females in achieving career success (Hartmann &

Based on the meta-analysis, brief high-impact exercise improves BMD at the hip but not at the lumbar spine. Effectiveness of this form of exercise as a lifestyle physical activity for prevention of osteoporosis should be explored in larger populations.

The toe may offer a practical alternative for assessing the concentration of lactate during rowing, having the advantage that repeated blood samples can be removed without interruption of the rowing action.

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effect of upper body complex training on power output, as well as to determine the requisite preload intensity and intra-complex recovery interval needed to induce power output increases. Nine amateur-level combat/martial art athletes completed four distinct experimental protocols, which consisted of 5 bench press repetitions at either: 65% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) with a 4 min rest interval; 65% of 1RM with an 8 min rest; 85% of 1RM with a 4 min rest; or 85% of 1RM with an 8 min rest interval, performed on different days. Before (pre-conditioning) and after (post-conditioning) each experimental protocol, three bench press throws at 30% of 1RM were performed. Significant differences in power output pre-post conditioning were observed across all experimental protocols (F=26.489, partial eta2=0.768, p=0.001). Mean power output significantly increased when the preload stimulus of 65% 1RM was matched with 4 min of rest (p=0.001), and when the 85% 1RM preload stimulus was matched with 8 min of rest (p=0.001). Moreover, a statistically significant difference in power output was observed between the four conditioning protocols (F= 21.101, partial eta2=0.913, p=0.001). It was concluded that, in complex training, matching a heavy preload stimulus with a longer rest interval, and a lighter preload stimulus with a shorter rest interval is important for athletes wishing to increase their power production before training or competition.