The majority of patients with pediatric neutropenia, apart from congenital types, display a benign clinical course. Our data suggest that most neutropenic children need neither antibiotic prophylaxis nor extensive medical attention.

DCL following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been reported in approximately 5% of all leukemic relapses. There have been several reports on DCL, mainly AML after umbilical cord blood transplantation. In this case study, we present a young boy diagnosed with Fanconi anemia who underwent an umbilical cord blood transplantation. Because of the graft failure, he was retransplanted one month later, also with a cord blood transplant. Two years after the second transplant, he developed AML, where 100% of the cells were of female donor origin. The donor, a now 14-yr-old female, was recently reported healthy.

We observed a high prevalence of early CVC associated blood stream infection mainly in patients with haematological malignancies. Our study highlights the importance of preventive measures in reducing infections in paediatric cancer patients.