(1) Silvicultural applications that manipulate woody debris loading and the structural composition of a forest can have both short and long-term effects on biogeochemical cycling. Longleaf pine forests have been the historically dominant community types throughout much of the Southeastern United States. Fire exclusion, hardwood encroachment, and resource exploitation have severely reduced the amount of remaining longleaf pine habitats, making ecological restoration necessary. The silvicultural treatments used to reestablish these communities have been widespread, leading to some skepticism regarding the sustainability of certain restoration practices. (2) This study aimed to understand how overstory manipulation and woody debris management affected soil water retention rates and nutrient availability. Using a randomized complete block design, abiotic responses to biomass harvesting, conventional harvesting, and mastication treatments were measured across a soil moisture gradient in the South Carolina sandhills. (3) Our findings indicate that mastication increased soil moisture retention rates by 37% and 41%, on average, compared to conventional harvesting and biomass harvesting, respectively. (4) Additionally, soil nutrient stocks did not decline following any management practice, indicating that both biomass harvesting and mastication treatments may not necessarily impact site productivity in a negative manner. These findings imply that mastication treatments keep moisture retention high and do not immediately change soil nutrient availability in longleaf pine forests. Long-term vegetation response studies should continue to document successional trends in conjunction with moisture retention rates and long-term nutrient pulsing.

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