We developed an experimental model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in albino rabbits by combining some factors suspected of causing the disease. Sixty nine eyes divided into six groups served as controls (Groups C 1-6). Forty nine eyes were divided into four experimental groups (Groups E 1-4). Group E1 (n = 12) was injected with 0.15 ml of platelet-rich plasma. In addition, Groups E2 (n = 12) and E3 (n = 12) underwent cryotherapy or vitrectomy. Group E4 (n = 13) underwent both procedures. Seven of the 13 Group 4 experimental eyes developed total retinal detachment and giant holes. None of the other groups developed more than two total retinal detachments or giant holes (P < 0.05). Light and electron microscopy showed intravitreal or preretinal proliferation composed of fibroblast-like cells. Retroretinal membranes appeared only in Group E4 eyes, composed of elongated cells with oval nuclei and abundant organelles in the cytoplasm. We believe these lesions mimic human PVR more closely than other models previously developed.

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Ascending aorta reinterventions present a challenge for surgeons as the technical difficulties of the procedure and the complex strategic approach can complicate successful treatment. These patients should be treated by surgical teams with ample experience in aortic diseases as they can be at high risk of mortality. The number of interventions on the ascending aorta and aortic arch and the use of biological conducts (lung autograft, homograft, etc.) have increased in recent years; therefore, the number of reinterventions can also be expected to increase, representing 10% of aortic surgical procedures. This article reviews the current status of ascending aorta reinterventions, analyzing the principal aspects of indication and surgical strategy, as well as the results published in the largest studies.

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