AVISPA is a pushbutton tool for the automated validation of Internet security-sensitive protocols and applications. It provides a modular and expressive formal language for specifying protocols and their security properties, and integrates different back-ends that implement a variety of state-of-the-art automatic analysis techniques. To the best of our knowledge, no other tool exhibits the same level of scope and robustness while enjoying the same performance and scalability.

Abstract. C Bounded Model Checking (CBMC) is one of the leading approaches to automatic software analysis. The key idea is to (i) build a propositional formula whose models correspond to program traces (of bounded length) that violate some given property and (ii) use state-ofthe-art SAT solvers to check the resulting formulae for satisfiability. In this paper we propose a generalisation of the CBMC approach based on an encoding into richer (but still decidable) theories than propositional logic. We show that our approach may lead to considerably more compact formulae than those obtained with CBMC. We have built a prototype implementation of our technique that uses a Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solver to solve the resulting formulae. Computer experiments indicate that our approach compares favourably with and on some significant problems outperforms CBMC.

Abstract. C Bounded Model Checking (CBMC) is one of the leading approaches to automatic software analysis. The key idea is to (i) build a propositional formula whose models correspond to program traces (of bounded length) that violate some given property and (ii) use state-ofthe-art SAT solvers to check the resulting formulae for satisfiability. In this paper we propose a generalisation of the CBMC approach based on an encoding into richer (but still decidable) theories than propositional logic. We show that our approach may lead to considerably more compact formulae than those obtained with CBMC. We have built a prototype implementation of our technique that uses a Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solver to solve the resulting formulae. Computer experiments indicate that our approach compares favourably with and on some significant problems outperforms CBMC.

Abstract. In previous work we presented a model checking procedure for linear programs, i.e. programs in which variables range over a numeric domain and expressions involve linear combinations of the variables. In this paper we lift our model checking procedure for linear programs to deal with arrays via iterative abstraction refinement. While most approaches are based on predicate abstraction and therefore the abstraction is relative to sets of predicates, in our approach the abstraction is relative to sets of variables and array indexes, and the abstract program can express complex correlations between program variables and array elements. Thus, while arrays are problematic for most of the approaches based on predicate abstraction, our approach treats them in a precise way. This is an important feature as arrays are ubiquitous in programming. We provide a detailed account of both the abstraction and the refinement processes, discuss their implementation in the eureka tool, and present experimental results that confirm the effectiveness of our approach on a number of programs of interest.

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