No abstract

No abstract

Die Vergrößerung des effizienten Anwendungsbereiches von Sortierprozessen in den Bereich feinster Partikelsysteme (0,1 -10 lm) stellt eine erhebliche Herausforderung für die Forschung dar. Ein möglicher Prozessansatz zur Verbesserung des Sortierergebnisses ist die Flüssig/Flüssig-Flotation. In dieser Studie werden Aussagen bezüglich Anwendbarkeit und Prozessverhalten dieses Ansatzes in Abhängigkeit von ausgewählten Prozessparametern an verschiedenen Modellpartikelsystemen präsentiert.Increasing the range of application of separation processes to effectively separate ultrafine particles (0.1 -10 lm) represents a significant research challenge. A possible process approach to enhance the separation result is two-liquid flotation. In this investigation, conclusions regarding the applicability and the process behavior of this approach are presented for different model particle systems with respect to selected process parameters. Abbildung 1. a) Vereinfachte schematische Darstellung des Prozessprinzips der Flüssig/Flüssig-Flotation sowie der möglichen Phasenzustände nach der Phasenseparation; b) Modellvorstellung eines kugelförmigen Feststoffpartikels, welches adsorbiert an einer ebenen Öl/Wasser-Grenzfläche vorliegt.Abbildung 2. Partikelgrößenverteilungen der verwendeten mineralischen Magnetit-und Quarzpartikel nach dem Zerkleinerungsvorgang.Abbildung 3. Vereinfachte schematische Darstellung der eingesetzten Prozessapparate Scheidetrichter und Trennsäule sowie Veranschaulichung der charakteristischen Phasen im Prozessraum.

Background In October 2016 the American Joint Committee on Cancer published the early eighth edition breast cancer prognostic staging system, incorporating biomarkers into previously accepted staging. The updated and current eighth edition became effective nationwide in January 2018 after a large update to its staging guidelines. This study’s aim was to compare patients’ anatomic seventh edition (anatomic), early eighth (pre-update, prognostic), and current eighth (post-update, prognostic) pathological stages and to assess the utility of recent inclusions to staging criteria. Additionally, we observed how the aforementioned stage changes aligned with breast cancer histologic subtypes. Methods An Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved retrospective chart review was performed. Inclusion criteria included female patients between the ages of 35 to 95 years with a diagnosis of invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma of the breast (n = 100) at three Hackensack Meridian Health hospitals. The study evaluated any trends in patients’ stage changes between the seventh edition, early eighth edition, and current eighth edition breast cancer staging guidelines. Breast cancer restaging was performed using a novel staging tool on Microsoft Excel. Results Only 26% of patients’ stages changed when comparing the seventh edition stage vs. current eighth edition prognostic staging, most of which were downstaged. When comparing the seventh with early eighth edition prognostic staging, 38% of the patients’ stages changed, with a majority of them being upstaged. Lastly, 95% of total stage changes were downstages between the early eighth and current eighth edition staging guidelines. Conclusions When comparing the seventh edition vs. current eighth edition staging, few patients (especially those with early stage cancer) underwent a stage change. However, there were significant changes in stage when comparing early eighth vs. current eighth stages. Considering these changes were mostly downstages and many patients reverted to their original seventh edition stage, the current eighth edition is based on a personalized, less radical staging approach, one that is more synonymous with original seventh edition staging.

Silicon nanopowders were prepared by hot-wire chemical vapour deposition (CVD) from monosilane. Wire materials including Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Rh, Re, Ir, Pd, and Pt were tested. The filament temperature was varied in the range of 400 -2000°C and pressures between 1.0 -1.5 bar.Products were characterised by bulk elemental analysis and a laser granulometer. The powders were investigated by TG-DSC-MS under inert, O 2 , and H 2 O containing atmosphere, respectively, in a temperature range of 20 -700°C. Hydrogen evolution occurred in three separate steps, depending on the applied gas atmosphere. The oxidation mechanism was explored by the characteristic O x Si-H bands (x = 0 -3) observed in ex situ DRIFT experiments. The oxidation of hydrogen terminated silicon surfaces was investigated employing oxygen (O 2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), permanganate (MnO − 4 ), or peroxodisulfate S 2 O 2− 8 in a temperature range of 0 -120°C. The oxidation was stepwise and strongly enhanced after pretreatment by alkyl lithium salts or Grignard reagents.