As the number of pump users and potential users expands, diabetes educators face new challenges and opportunities to improve patients' lives with diabetes. This activity describes the rationale for insulin pump therapy, its potential advantages and disadvantages, and strategies regarding patient selection and education.

High-speed videography was used to describe the initial turning movement of visually triggered escape in frogs and to compare it with the initial turn of frog prey capture behavior. These two types of turning had some general similarities, e.g. turn duration and peak velocity were positively correlated with turn angle. However, there were kinematic differences: for turns of a given angular amplitude, escape turns consistently demonstrated shorter duration and higher peak velocity than prey capture turns. There also were differences in spatial accuracy: prey capture turn angles were predictably matched to stimulus angles; escape turn angles were more variably related to stimulus angles. Both turning movements are believed to depend upon the optic tectum. However, given the observed differences in kinematics and spatial organization, we used lesion experiments to determine if distinct tectal efferent pathways subserve turning under each circumstance. Large unilateral lesions of the brainstem simultaneously disrupted both types of turning. However, smaller laterally placed lesions disrupted escape turning without disrupting prey capture turns. The kinematic differences in combination with the lesion results support the idea that the post-tectal circuitry for visually elicited turning movements is based upon separate descending pathways that control turning toward prey and turning away from threat. Key words Frog 9 Tectum 9 Brainstem 9 Approach 9 Avoidance Abbreviations CG central gray 9 OT optic tectum 9 SEM standard error of the mean