Bullous pemphigoid (BP) and gestational pemphigoid (PG) are subepidermal blistering disorders associated with autoantibodies directed against two components of hemidesmosomes: the BP antigen 180 (BP180) and the BP antigen 230 (BP230). Autoantibodies against the extracellular domain (ECD) of BP180 are thought to play an initiatory role in subepidermal blister formation. To characterize the targeted antigenic sites on BP180, we have assessed the reactivity of sera from BP and PG patients against eukaryotic recombinant proteins encompassing various portions of the ECD and the intracellular domain (ICD) of BP180. Twenty-two of 22 (100%) BP sera that immunoblotted BP180 in keratinocyte extracts, bound a mutant form consisting of the entire ECD of BP180, whereas only three of these 22 sera (14%) reacted against the ECD of BP180 lacking the NC16A membrane proximal region. Thirteen out of the 22 (59%) BP sera recognized the ICD of BP180. Circulating IgG from a representative BP patient that was affinity purified against the ECD of BP180 did not bind the ICD when reblotted, indicating that there was no antigenic cross-reactivity between the ECD and the ICD of BP180. Reactivity against the ICD of BP180 was further ascertained by immunofluorescence microscopy studies showing that nine of the 22 (41%) BP sera stained COS-7 cells expressing the ICD of BP180. Using deletion mutants of the ICD of BP180, the majority of the sera was found to recognize the central region of the ICD of BP180. Specifically, an immunodominant region was localized to an 87-amino acid segment located towards the NH2-terminus of BP180. In contrast to BP sera, five of six (83%) PG sera contained IgG that recognized exclusively the NC16A region, whereas none bound to the ICD of BP180. Together, the results indicate that in BP, autoantibody reactivity to BP180 is not exclusively restricted to the NC16A region, but that additional antigenic determinants exist on the ICD of BP180. The observed heterogeneous immune response against BP180 might reflect intramolecular epitope spreading. Because the ICD ofBP180 harbors functionally important regions, it is possible that autoantibodies against the ICD of BP180 have pathogenic significance for the progression of the disease.

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Giant cell lichenoid dermatitis is a recently described pathological entity, which can be seen as an unusual lichenoid drug eruption, a manifestation of sarcoidosis or within herpes zoster scars. Histopathological findings include focal vacuolar alteration of the basal layer with cytoid bodies, dermal and intraepidermal multinucleated giant cells and a mixed chronic inflammatory infiltrate with a lichenoid pattern consisting of lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils and plasma cells. Here, we report a giant cell lichenoid dermatitis in a 41-year-old male patient who developed, 3 days after intravenous treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for erysipelas of the left leg, a clinical picture suggesting a baboon syndrome characterized by an erythematous and pruritic eruption on the axillary, inguinal and popliteal areas and the anterior side of elbows. This is the first reported case of giant cell lichenoid dermatitis in a patient with baboon syndrome.

We describe a 49-year-old male patient who presented with an acute illness associated with a widespread maculopapular eruption and eroded lesions in the inguinal folds consistent with an acute intertrigo, for which search of mycological and bacteriological causes remained negative. Serological tests disclosed a high viral HIV-1 load and p24 antigenemia, while anti-HIV-1 antibodies were absent, a profile typical of acute HIV-1 infection. Since the maculopapular eruption regressed concomitantly with the orogenital lesions as well as the eroded inguinal lesions prior to specific therapy, our observation indicates that intertriginous lesions may constitute one of the early cutaneous markers of primary HIV-1 infection.

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