1. We studied the effects of different temperature regimes on leaf litter processing in three forested Appalachian headwater streams of different pH (mean pH = 4.2, 6.5, 7.5). 2. We compared leaf breakdown rates, microbial biomass and macroinvertebrate shredder density and biomass between two 12‐week processing periods (October–January and November–February) in each stream. Leaf processing rates were calculated both as k (day–1) and kd (degree day–1). 3. There were no significant differences in processing rates (k day–1) between the two study periods for any leaf species in any stream. The average difference in temperature between the two study periods was 175 degree days. Shredder density was significantly higher during the earlier study period on 40% of the sample dates, but shredder biomass was not significantly different between the two study periods. ATP concentration was significantly higher during the early study period for 60% of the sample dates. 4. More significant differences in these variables (shredder density and biomass, ATP concentration) were seen among the three study streams than between the two study periods. This indicates that in this study other factors, particularly stream pH, contributed more to processing rate variation than did differences in thermal regime.