Abstract.  A cladistic analysis of the Polysphincta genus‐group (= the ‘Polysphinctini’ of authors), a clade of koinobiont ectoparasitoids of spiders, was undertaken using ninety‐six characters for seventy‐seven taxa (sixty‐five ingroup and twelve outgroup). The genus‐group is monophyletic, nested within the Ephialtini as (Iseropus (Gregopimpla (Tromatobia ((Zaglyptus + Clistopyga) + (Polysphincta genus‐group))))). Within the Polysphincta genus‐group, the clade (Piogaster + Inbioia) is sister‐lineage to all other genera. The cosmopolitan genus Zabrachypus is nonmonophyletic, and has been subdivided into a monophyletic Nearctic/Western Palaearctic Zabrachypus s.str. and an Eastern Palaearctic Brachyzapusgen.n., comprising B. nikkoensis (Uchida) comb.n., B. tenuiabdominalis (Uchida) comb.n. and B. unicarinatus (Uchida & Momoi) comb.n. An Afrotropical species placed in Zabrachypus, Z. curvicauda (Seyrig), belongs to Schizopygacomb.n. The monophyly of the cosmopolitan genus Dreisbachia is equivocal, and we consider that species assigned to it are best placed in an expanded Schizopyga (syn.n.). The monobasic Afrotropical genus Afrosphincta is also a synonym of Schizopyga (syn.n.). The newly delimited Schizopyga is the sister‐lineage of Brachyzapus, and these two genera form the sister‐lineage of Zabrachypus s.str. as the monophyletic clade (Zabrachypus + (Schizopyga + Brachyzapus)). The Holarctic genus Sinarachna is monophyletic if the Palaearctic species S. anomala (Holmgren) is excluded and transferred to Zatypotacomb.n. The European species Polysphincta nielseni Roman belongs to the Palaearctic genus Reclinervellus, and (Reclinervellus + Sinarachna) is the sister‐lineage to a monophyletic group of undescribed Asian species herein assigned to a new genus, Chabliseagen.n. All remaining polysphinctine genera form a strongly monophyletic clade, the Polysphincta clade, although the relationship between this clade and the Chablisea and Zabrachypus clades remains an unresolved trichotomy. The Polysphincta clade comprises three lineages as an unresolved trichotomy, a monophyletic Oxyrrhexis, a major group (‘Polysphincta’ (Ticapimpla (Acrotaphus + Hymenoepimecis))) and an Acrodactyla lineage. In the second group, ‘Polysphincta’ is paraphyletic with respect to the other three genera. However, we retain ‘Polysphincta’ as a genus because few species of this very large genus were included in our analysis. We suspect that, when the tropical fauna is better known, it will be possible to subdivide ‘Polysphincta’ into two or more monophyletic taxa. In the third lineage, the Acrodactyla lineage, the Holarctic genus Acrodactyla is monophyletic if the European species A. madida (Haliday) is excluded. Consequently, we erect a new genus Megaetairagen.n. for this species. The monobasic Afrotropical genus Pterinopus is the sister‐lineage to the cosmopolitan genus Eruga. The very large cosmopolitan genus Zatypota seems to be monophyletic if two New World species, Z. parva (Cresson) and Z. gerardoi Gauld, Ugalde & Hanson, are transferred to...

Phylogeny of mosquitoes of tribe Culicini (Diptera: Culicidae) based on morphological diversity. -Zoologica Scripta, 41, 499-514. Relationships among taxa of the mosquito tribe Culicini are explored using 169 morphological characters from 86 exemplar species representing the four genera and 26 subgenera of Culicini, most species groups and subgroups of subgenus Culex and an outgroup of five species from five other tribes. We analysed the data set, with multistate characters treated as unordered, under implied weights with values of K ranging from 1 to 20, implemented by TNT. Each analysis, except K = 4, produced a single most parsimonious (fittest) cladogram (MPC). The topology of the ingroup was identical for K = 6-11, whereas the MPCs for K = 14-20 differed only in the position of a single species, which occupied the same position in the K = 16 and K = 6-11 topologies. The K = 9 and K = 16 trees were given further consideration. In both these cladograms, Lutzia is sister to a clade comprising genera Culex, Deinocerites and Galindomyia. The two topologies have 13 clades in common, but their arrangements differ primarily because of Culex (Culex) duttoni acting as a 'rogue' taxon. We evaluated the effect of removing this species from the K = 9 and K = 16 analyses and chose the refined K = 9 topology as the best hypothesis of relationships within Culicini. Genus Culex is not monophyletic because it includes Deinocerites and Galindomyia as derived members of the New World subgenera. With the exception of subgenera Culex, Eumelanomyia and Neoculex, there is strong support for the monophyly of all genera and subgenera. Subgenus Culex would be monophyletic were four other subgenera included and three other taxa (the Afrotropical Cx. duttoni, Neotropical Cx. apicinus and the Australasian Atriceps Group) excluded.

Revue suisse Zool. Epidemiologie de la dermatite des baigneurs et morphologie de Trichobilharzia cf. ocellata dans le lac Léman ' par