A case report of serial chromosome studies on a child presumed to have acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is presented. Hematologic remission was achieved after 3 weeks and maintained until death 63 weeks later. The classic Philadelphia chromosome translocation was found, both at diagnosis and throughout the course of the disease, in a proportion of cells from PHA-stimulated blood cultures. The finding is related to other reports of Philadelphia-positive clones in ALL, as well as those in chronic myeloid leukemia and its acute transformation, and other myeloproliferative disorders. The origin of the Philadelphia chromosome in this case is considered in the light of current stem cell theory, and its relevance to lymphocytic neoplasia is discussed. We believe that the finding of a Ph1-positive clone in a cell line morphologically indistinguishable from normal lymphocytes in a case of acute leukemia is unique.

Food powders caking: methods of comparisonCaking of food powders (sugar, milk or cocoa powder) is the cause of many industrial difficulties and heavy financial losses. It stay nevertheless misunderstood. This, even if lot of techniques of caking valuation have been elaborate, none of them is fully satisfactory. These techniques are based on physical or structural modifications which are generated by caking himself, and are consequently based on different definitions of caking (size and amount of lumps, strength of agglomerate). This study has used 6 different samples to determine the efficiency of three different methods of caking valuation and to demonstrate the good correlation of their results. These three techniques are sensory analysis, sieving and penetration analysis. The sensory analysis is cheap, easy and rapid to use, but it requires a qualified staff. Penetration analysis is an easy technique, which can be adapted to all types of agglomerate. And to finish, sieving is less attractive, because it is heavy to use.

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