Digital innovations in Africa have increased dramatically over the past two decades, and are fueling a rich literature. In this paper, we examine their impact and transmission channels on women's entrepreneurship in a sample of 54 African countries. We specify and estimate a cross-sectional data model by generalized least squares (GLS) over the period of 1996–2020. Our results show that digital innovations (measured by researchers in R&D, firms in R&D, patents owed by residents, patents owed by non-residents) significantly reduce women's entrepreneurship in Africa. Their effects are mediated by energy, female education, the internet, mobile phones, migration and marriage. We suggest strengthening the digital infrastructure for sustainable women's entrepreneurship in Africa.
Résumé
L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser l’efficacité des banques de la Communauté Economique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC). En particulier, il s’agit d’examiner l’influence de la qualité des institutions et la structure de propriété sur l’efficacité des banques de la CEMAC pour la période 2000 à 2010. Nous utilisons un modèle paramétrique Stochastic Frontier Analysis pour déterminer l’efficacité allocative et un modèle Tobit censuré pour identifier les facteurs d’efficacité des banques. Les résultats indiquent que le niveau moyen d’efficacité allocative des banques sur la période est de 0,70. Par ailleurs, les variables institutionnelles et la structure actionnariale privée (nationale et étrangère) influencent positivement l’efficacité des banques au cours de la période, ce qui à contrario n'est le cas pour la structure actionnariale publique. Ainsi, une amélioration de l’environnement institutionnel et la poursuite du programme de privatisation des banques dans la zone CEMAC accroîtront l’efficacité des banques.
In this article we investigate the effects of information and communication technologies (ICT) on women's political empowerment (WPE) from a sample of 51 African countries. We specify and estimate a panel data model by using the ordinary least squares (OLS) and two‐stage least squares (2SLS) over the period 1996–2017. The results show that ICT diffusion, measured by mobile phone and internet penetration, significantly increases WPE. This suggests an improvement of the institutional framework governing the use of ICT for a better WPE.
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