Background-Size and body proportions at birth are partly determined by maternal body composition, but most studies of mother-baby relationships have only considered the effects of maternal height and weight on offspring birthweight, and few have examined the size of effects. Paternal size and body composition also play a role, primarily through the fetal genome, although few studies have investigated relationships with neonatal phenotype.

This study utilized data from a prospective birth cohort study on 568 Indian children, to determine whether a longer duration of breast-feeding and later introduction of solid feeding was associated with a reduced higher body mass index (BMI) and less adiposity. Main outcomes were high BMI (>90 th within-cohort sex-specific BMI percentile) and sum of skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) at age 5. Main exposures were breast-feeding (6 categories from 1-4 to ≥21 months) and age of starting regular solid feeding (4 categories from ≤3 to ≥6 months). Data on infant feeding practices, socioeconomic and maternal factors were collected by questionnaire. Birthweight, maternal and child anthropometry were measured. Multiple regression analysis which accounted for potential confounders, demonstrated a small magnitude of effect for breastfeeding duration or introduction of solid feeds on the risk of high BMI but not for lower skinfold thickness. Breast-feeding duration was strongly negatively associated with weight gain (0-2 years) (adjusted β= −0.12 SD 95% CI: −0.19 to −0.05 per category change in breast-feeding duration, p=0.001) and weight gain (0-2 years) was strongly associated with high BMI at 5 years (adjusted OR = 3.8, 95 % CI: 2.53 to 5.56, p<0.001). In our sample, findings suggest that longer breastfeeding duration and later introduction of solids has a small reduction on later high BMI risk and a negligible effect on skinfold thickness. However, accounting for sampling variability, these findings cannot exclude the possibility of no effect at the population-level.

Background-Recent studies have shown associations between size and body proportions at birth and health outcomes throughout the life cycle, but there are few data on how neonatal phenotype varies in different populations around the world.

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Aim To evaluate the impact of this program in risk factors control and events. Methods 514 consecutive MI patients hospitalised in six public hospitals. Data collection was obtained by a review of medical records and a 12-month interview (anthropometric and biochemical measurements, lifestyle information and pharmacological treatment). Predictors of good control were evaluated with multilevel analysis. Results follow-up was available in 398 patients (77.4%), 75% were male, aged 62.1 years (SD 611.7). At the time of interview 8.6% were smokers; 24% reported regular physical activity; 78.6% were overweight or obese. The proportion of patients with raised systolic blood pressure was 46.3% and raised diastolic blood pressure was found in 35.4%. 28.9% had LDL cholesterol $100 mg/dl and 21.1% glucose $100 mg/dl. In diabetic patients (24.1%), 52% had glycosilated haemoglobin $7.0%. The use of drug therapies at month 12 was: aspirin 95.5%, b-blockers 70.6%, ACE inhibitors 64.0% and statins 89.2%. One year mortality was 6.8%. Predictors for good control of risk factors were statin use (OR 2.64; CI 1.16 to 5.98) and control by cardiologist (OR 1.13; CI 1.01 to 1.27); diabetic patients have a poor control (OR 0.30; CI 0.15 to 0.61). Conclusion Patients with MI have unhealthy lifestyles and a high proportion not achieved the goal for cholesterol and blood pressure management. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to improve secondary prevention in MI patients.