RESUMOEste trabalho objetivou determinar o efeito do plantio de eucalipto no carbono orgânico total, na biomassa microbiana e na matéria orgânica leve na região do Cerrado, no sul do Piauí. O estudo foi desenvolvido utilizando-se amostras de solos provenientes de povoamentos de Corymbia citriodora com quatro anos e Eucalyptus urophilla com cinco anos, e de uma área de cerrado preservada (testemunha). As práticas de manejo dos plantios de eucalipto promovem a oxidação da matéria orgânica leve, resultando em maior teor de carbono orgânico do solo em relação ao cerrado preservado. A biomassa microbiana do solo nos plantios de eucalipto apresentou pouca eficiência na manutenção do carbono em comparação ao cerrado preservado.Palavras-chave: serapilheira, cerrado, florestas plantadas, carbono. Organic Matter and Microbial Biomass in Eucalyptus Plantations in the Cerrado of the State of Piaui ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effect of eucalyptus plantations in the total organic carbon, microbial biomass and light organic matter from the cerrado in the south region of the State of Piaui. The study was carried out utilizing soil samples from four-year-old Corymbia citriodora and fiveyear-old Eucalyptus urophilla stands and a preserved cerrado area (control).The management practices of eucalyptus plantations promoted the oxidation of the light organic matter result in gin higher content of soil organic carbon in relation to the preserved cerrado area. The soil microbial biomass in eucalyptus plantations presented low efficiency in the maintenance of carbon compared to the preserved cerrado.
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