The prevalence of OAB in chinese women is lower than that of most reports in Occidental women, and increases with advancing age. Many potential risk factors increase the occurrence of OAB.

A Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, facultatively anaerobic coccus, designated IMCC1545T, was isolated from the digestive tract of a marine clamworm, Periserrula leucophryna, inhabiting a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea. Cells of strain IMCC1545T are non-motile, dividing by binary fission. The predominant fatty acids are anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 0. The respiratory quinone is menaquinone-7 and the DNA G+C content is 52.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences using three treeing algorithms revealed that the strain formed a novel genus-level lineage within the phylum ‘Verrucomicrobia’. The most closely related named organisms to strain IMCC1545T are ‘Fucophilus fucoidanolyticus’ SI-1234 (86.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Alterococcus agarolyticus ADT3T (81.8 %) and Opitutus terrae PB90-1T (80.3 %), which belong to subdivision 4 of the ‘Verrucomicrobia’. Subdivision 4 of the ‘Verrucomicrobia’ (here named Opitutae classis nov.) was divided into two clades, a clade containing strain IMCC1545T and a clade containing Opitutus terrae. From the taxonomic data obtained in this study, it is proposed that the new marine isolate be placed into a novel genus and species named Puniceicoccus vermicola gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type strain of Puniceicoccus vermicola is IMCC1545T=KCCM 42343T=NBRC 101964T) within Puniceicoccaceae fam. nov and Puniceicoccales ord. nov in the class Opitutae. The family Opitutaceae fam. nov. and order Opitutales ord. nov. are also formally proposed.

Although the SAR11 clade of the Alphaproteobacteria represents the most abundant and ubiquitous bacterioplankton in the ocean, very few laboratories have successfully cultured SAR11 cells. All of the SAR11 strains isolated thus far have been retrieved from the Oregon coast and the Sargasso Sea. In this study, a modified dilution-to-extinction culturing with prolonged incubation at low temperature was applied in an effort to cultivate major bacterioplankton lineages in the East Sea, Western Pacific Ocean. Five to 10 cells were inoculated into each well of 48-well plates, followed by the incubation of the plates at 10 degrees C for 4, 8, 20, and 24 weeks. Among a total of 35 isolated strains, 18 strains assigned to the SAR11 clade were isolated after 8, 20, and 24 weeks of incubation, whereas no SAR11 cells were detected in the samples after 4 weeks of incubation. The SAR11 isolates, noticeably, comprised 64-82% of the total isolates from the plates incubated for 20 and 24 weeks. Extinction cultures belonging to the Roseobacter, OM43, and SAR92 clades were also cultivated. The results of this study suggest that long-term incubation at low temperatures might prove an alternative for the efficient cultivation of new variants of the members of the SAR11 clade.

Perlucidibaca piscinae gen. nov., sp. nov., a freshwater bacterium belonging to the family Moraxellaceae Jaeho Song, Yoe-Jin Choo and Jang-Cheon Cho Correspondence Jang-Cheon Cho chojc@inha.ac.kr Division of Biology and Ocean Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea A freshwater bacterium, designated IMCC1704 T , was isolated from a eutrophic pond. The strain was Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative, chemoheterotrophic and facultatively aerobic with cells that were motile rods with a single polar flagellum. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analyses, the novel strain was most closely related to the genera Alkanindiges (91.7 %), Acinetobacter (89.0-91.2 %), Moraxella (87.9-90.1 %), Psychrobacter (87.2-89.5 %) and Enhydrobacter (87.8 %). Phylogenetic trees generated using 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel isolate belonged to the family Moraxellaceae of the class Gammaproteobacteria and formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the family. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 63.1 mol% and the predominant constituents of the cellular fatty acids were C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH (21.2 %), C 18 : 1 v7c (12.8 %) and C 12 : 0 3-OH (12.3 %). These chemotaxonomic properties, together with several phenotypic characteristics, differentiated the novel strain from other members of the family Moraxellaceae. From the taxonomic data, which revealed the distant relationship of the new strain to the related genera, the strain should be classified as a novel genus and species in the family Moraxellaceae, for which the name Perlucidibaca piscinae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Perlucidibaca piscinae sp. nov. is IMCC1704 T (5KCCM 42363

ThuLEP and PKEP are both safe and efficient procedures for the treatment of patients with BPH. Compared with PKEP, ThuLEP provided less risk of hemorrhage and shorter catheter time, although the differences may be of little clinical relevance. Further well-designed trials with extended follow-up and larger sample size are needed to draw final conclusions about the efficacy of the two procedures.