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Abstract— 3‐D cross‐talk typically represents the ratio of image overlap between the left and right views. For stereoscopic LCDs using shutter‐glasses technology, 3‐D cross‐talk for stereoscopic LCD TV with a diagonal size of 46 in. and vertical alignment (VA) mode was measured to change from 1% to 10% when the stereoscopic display is rotated around the vertical axis. Input signals consist of the left and right images that include patterns of different amounts of binocular disparity and various gray levels. Ghost‐like artifacts are observed. Furthermore, intensities of these artifacts are observed to change as the stereoscopic display is rotated about the vertical axis. The temporal luminance of the LCD used in stereoscopic TV was found to be dependent on the viewing direction and can be considered as one cause of the phenomenon of angular dependence of performance for stereoscopic displays.

A high-performance and durable electroosmotic (EO) pump is developed using electropolymerized PANI:PSS/C electrodes. PANI:PSS was electrochemically synthesized on the carbon fiber paper using cyclic voltametry and characterized by a variety of physicochemical methods including field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). There was a linear relationship with a regression coefficient R2 ≥ 0.97 between the applied potential and the peak current (Ipeak), maximum flow rate (Qmax), maximum pressure (Pmax), respectively. The EO pump built with PANI:PSS/C electrodes, with an active area of 1.0 cm2, generated the maximum stall pressure of 122 kPa and the maximum flow rate of 203 ul min-1 at 4 V by using deionized (DI) water as a working fluid. The EO pumps assembled with PANI:PSS/C electrodes showed much better overall performances than those made with the bare carbon paper and exhibited good long-term stability without substantial decay for 5 days of continuous operation even at a high potential of 4 V.