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Dendritic growth of a Li metal anode during cycling is one of major issues to be addressed for practical application of Li metal rechargeable batteries. Herein, we demonstrate that surface modification of Li metal with a Na-containing SO electrolyte can be an effective way to prevent dendritic Li growth during cell operation. The surface-modified Li metal anode exhibited no dendritic deposits even under a high areal capacity (5 mA h cm) and a high current density (3 mA cm), whereas the unmodified anode showed typical filamentary Li deposition. The surface-modified Li metal anode also demonstrated significantly enhanced electrochemical performance, which could be attributed to the newly formed Na-containing inorganic surface layer that exhibits uniform and dense properties. Consequently, surface modification with a Na-containing SO inorganic electrolyte is suggested as one of the most effective ways to realize a highly stable Li metal anode with dendrite-free Li deposition for Li metal-based rechargeable batteries.

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Stable emulsions (solid content: 38%) of emulsifier-/N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)-free crosslinkable waterborne polyurethane-acrylic hybrids with a fixed acrylic monomer content (20 wt.%) and different molar ratios (mole%) of dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA)/crosslinkable pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA)(17/23, 22/17, 27/11, 32/5) were successfully prepared. This study examined the effect of mole% of DMPA/PETA on the stability and viscosity of hybrid emulsions, the tensile properties/dynamic mechanical thermal properties of hybrid film samples and the adhesive strengths of formulated adhesives for footwear at both dry and wet states. The tensile strength/modulus, storage modulus and Tgs increased with increasing PETA content. The adhesive strength at dry state increased with increasing DMPA content up to 27 mole%, and then decreased a little. However, the adhesive strength at wet state decreased with increasing DMPA content. The optimum DMPA/PETA contents were found to be 27/11 mole% to achieve high performance adhesive properties.

Stable emulsions of emulsifier/N‐methylpyrrolidone‐free crosslinkable waterborne polyurethane–acrylates (C‐WBPUAs) with various acrylic monomer contents (0, 10, 20, and 30 wt %) for footwear adhesive materials were successfully prepared in this study. The effects of the acrylic monomer content on the shelf stability, mean particle size, and viscosity of the C‐WBPUA emulsions; the tensile properties and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of the C‐WBPUA film samples; and the adhesive strengths between the upper (synthetic leather) and the sole (ethylene vinyl acetate rubber) in both the dry and wet states of the formulated adhesives (C‐WBPUA emulsion–thickener–hardener) were examined. The adhesive strengths of the formulated adhesives for footwear (leather–sole) in both the dry and wet states increased with increasing acrylic monomer content up to 20 wt %; after this, they almost levelled off. Thus, C‐WBPUA20 and C‐WBPUA30, where the number indicates the acrylic monomer content, can be recommended as high‐performance adhesive materials for footwear. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43758.