The objective of this paper is to analyze the control conditions of the transmittance rate, and determine the conditions that are most optimal with respect to building energy and daylight performance in three climate conditions: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (hot climate); Inchon, South Korea (hot and cold climate); and Moscow, Russia (cold climate). The analysis was based on the electrochromic glass developed by a research team. Electrochromic glass is a next generation solar control glass that can control the transmittance of the glass itself. Therefore, proper control methods are essential for rational use of this electrochromic glass. To properly control electrochromic glass, daylight performance must be considered, along with building energy (heating, cooling, and lighting). If only building energy is considered, transmittance needs to be lowered during the summer season and increased during the winter season. Controlling electrochromic glass transmittance with such a method would not improve the satisfaction of users and occupants of a building due to the resulting glare. In addition to energy reduction, the basic function of solar control glass is to prevent glare. Therefore, in this study, we develop the Energy and Daylight Performance Index (EDPI) using, to evaluate the combined building energy and daylight performance and deduce the optimal control method for electrochromic glass. In addition, optimal control conditions for the three different climatic regions were obtained. Limitations of this study were that the scope was restricted to the eastern climate region, and that the building analysis model was limited to one climate region. It is expected that the optimal control method could be used as an initial database in the development of a electrochromic glass control system.

Solar radiation is closely related to the energy buildings consume for cooling, heating, and lighting purposes. Glazing is the only material of the building envelope that transmits solar radiation and needs to be appropriately designed to reduce energy cㅈonsumption. Currently, smart glass technology is being actively investigated and developed for effective solar radiation control. Among the various types of smart glass, electrochromic glazing is one of the most promising technologies, as it can adjust transmittance on its own, has a wider transmittance range in both the clear and darkened states, and consumes less electricity. Considering the importance of solar radiation adjustment in electrochromic glazing technology, this study attempted to develop an optimal control method for electrochromic glazing. Toward this goal, the solar radiation incident on vertical surfaces and outdoor temperature conditions were controlled in three regions with different climatic characteristics, and the annual cooling, heating, and lighting loads, discomfort glare, and interior illumination were analyzed. This approach enabled the optimal conditions with respect to visual comfort to be determined. Subsequently, the EDPI (Energy and daylight performance index) was used to optimize control conditions for each region, thereby producing integrated evaluations from results with different units and properties. The proposed control method will be utilized to develop a control algorithm and a control system to reduce building energy consumption.

In this study, an equivalent circuit model of a double exponential pulse generator used as a noise source in a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) conductive disturbance immunity test is proposed. Based on the proposed models, a design methodology for a double exponential pulse generator is presented with various source pulse requirements based on the HEMP conductive disturbance immunity test. To design the proposed equivalent circuit model, the relationship between the equivalent circuit model and source pulse requirements is analyzed and applied to the design methodology with low-impedance conditions. The proposed equivalent circuit model and design methodology are successfully verified experimentally with device-under-test circuits fabricated on printed circuit boards.

In this paper, an equivalent circuit model of a double-exponential pulse generator is proposed for use as a time-domain noise source in high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) conducted disturbance immunity testing. The analytic relationship between the proposed equivalent circuit model and the source pulse requirements expressed by the test standards is derived. Based on this relationship, a design methodology for the equivalent circuit model is proposed to extract the circuit components that satisfy the source pulse requirements, particularly in the form of source impedance and pulse waveform requirements. The proposed design methodology is applied to design an equivalent circuit model of the double exponential pulse generator with various test modes in the conducted disturbance immunity test. The designed double exponential pulse generator is applied to a simulation-based conductive disturbance immunity testing platform based on the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61000-4-24 standard to validate the effectiveness of the proposed equivalent circuit model and design methodology.