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BACKGROUND Reflexology for chest pain, ache, burning or stabbing sensation in the chest is most commonly performed on the feet. Pitchfork of left sole is the cardiac reflex point. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of left sole massage on haemodynamicc and pain relief in patients with chest pain. METHODS This cross over clinical trial study was conducted on 117 patients with chest pain admitted to Imam Khomeini hospital's emergency room in Ardabil. McGill visual pain scale was applied to measure pain intensity, and left sole massage was used for alleviating pain which was evaluated in two steps. The significance level was regarded at p<0.05. RESULTS The results demonstrated that according to paired and independent t-test, the level of pain severity in the massage group had a significant difference with that of the control (p=0.011). Furthermore, the participants in reflexology group had the mean score of 142.0 ± 4.41 for systolic blood pressure, 89.8 ± 2.78 for diastolic blood pressure, and 76.4±-4.20 for Pulse Per Minute before intervention; however, they changed to 138 ± 4.28, 87.2 ± 2.70, and 76.4 ±-3.28 (normal range), respectively. There was a significant difference in the ratings of both pre-and post-intervention (p <0.05) based on the paired t-test. CONCLUSIONS In future, left sole massage can be used as proper supplement for medical therapies and analgesics and can reduce the number and dose of drugs administered for management of haemodynamics and narcotics for chest pain relief.

Introduction: The concept of caring thinking has been utilized in nursing, and although it has been defined and evaluated using a variety of methods, yet it remains an abstract concept in nursing practice. This paper presents a concept analysis to define and clarify the concept of caring thinking to provide a deeper understanding of how caring thinking can be incorporated into nursing. Therefore, the present study is carried out for the purpose of defining and clarifying its concept in the nursing profession.Methods: This study used a hybrid model of concept analysis comprising three phases, namely a theoretical phase, field work phase, and a final analysis phase. To find relevant literature, electronic search of valid databases was utilized using keywords related to the concept of caring thinking. Field work data were collected over a 10-month time period from 2017 to 2018. In the field work phase, in-depth interviews were performed with 10 nurses and academic nurse. The conventional content analysis was used in two theoretical and field work phases, and the results were combined in the final analysis phase. Results: The 4 main themes extracted included “Correct thinking”, “Responsibility”, “Professional commitment”, and “Ethical thinking” and the final definition of the concept was presented.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that clarifying the concept of Caring thinking leads to better understanding and common perception of this concept and helps nurses to exhibit caring thinking and provide quality care. Caring thinking arranges the systematic approach to and practice of behaviors. Actually, caring thinking is form of thinking contributing to correct thinking. Therefore, the results of this study have implications for nursing practice, nursing education, and nursing research.