Hypothyroidism is a clinical condition caused by the deficiency of thyroid hormones that are T4 and T3 due to an increase in serum TSH level. The upper and lower limit of T4 and TSH helps to identify the disease. The metabolic pathways are important to know for diagnostic tests. By conducting different biochemical tests, a proper diagnosis can be performed when hypothyroidism is suspected clinically. Previously, many assays were performed just to detect the disease but recent tests are in both direct and indirect categories. Direct tests are purposely enough to detect the deficiency of thyroid hormones just like T3, T4, serum TSH, free-T4, free-T3, T4 resin uptake, free T4 index, T4 binding globulin, and anti-TPO. All these tests are performed considering the reference ranges of hormones and the discovery that lower and higher TSH readings, even within the standard range, could predict future hypothyroidism, respectively, while the connection is stronger for hypothyroidism, supports the significance of diagnosing moderate thyroid status problems. If needed, one can also consider the radiological test that is a radioactive iodine uptake test. Other biochemical tests are considered as indirect because these tests actually confirm other changes in the body due to hypothyroidism such as lipid profile tests (TC, TAG, HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and TAG/HDL-C), cytokine tests (interleukin-6, TNF-α, visfatin, and leptin) and other regular tests like iron deficiency test, hemoglobin test, ferritin, and TIBC. This article carries brief information regarding all the tests mentioned above and their purpose of conduction in hypothyroidism disease.

Curcumin is a herbal drug obtained from the Curcuma longa which has good pharmacological activity in different biological system but it has low bioavilability as well as poor absorption rate and poor solubility in aqueous medium all these parameter can be corrected by using bioenhancers which enhance absorption and bioavailability of curcumin. Quercetin is a potential bioenhancer it has the ability to enhance the bioavilability of drugs by different methods in which some are proven like inhibition of Pgp efflux pump and metabolic enzymes and some of them still has question marks like as absorption enhancer and permeability enhancer. In this experiment our aim is to study bioenhancing property (as absorption enhancer) of Quercetin by enhancing the absorption of curcumin in intestinal lumen. Here chicken ileum was used to evaluate the bioenhancer property of Quercetin and for analysis UV spectroscopy was used for statistical analysis we used q- equation because here we used two different drugs and to maintain physiological condition tyroid salt solution was used, different concentration (200mg and 100mg in two different assemblies) of curcumin was used to compare the enhanced absorption of curcumin and only one assembly (which was 100mg curcumin)was installed with 50mg of quercetin . When curcumin is alone in the intestine its concentration is up to 1.098 mg in one hour and when quercetin combined with it then its concentration was 7.95 mg. the enhanced concentration of curcumin shows that quercetin is able to enhance the absorption as well as bioavilability of the curcumin.

Since time immemorial, the Indian medical system, particularly Ayurveda and Siddha, has prioritised prevention and health over symptoms and drugs. Siddha, an Indian system of medicine, originated in ancient Thamilakam (currently Tamil Nadu, India). The combination of Inji (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), Sukku (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and Kadukkai (Terminalia chebula Retz) as herbal therapy with numerous chemical constituents can be considered a better pharmacological approach than consuming individual ingredients and/or chemical constituents. This review is an attempt to summarize the evidence related to the anti-obesity and weight-lowering effects of ginger and T. chebula. The overall view shows an anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Zingiber officinale and Terminalia chebula.

Background: Epilepsy is a severe neurological condition that affects all ages of people. Complex pathways involved in pathogenesis make it complicated to treat; selected antiepileptic drug options are available for Epilepsy. There is a need for an hour to develop novel treatment approaches for epilepsy with lesser side effects. This research aimed to evaluate the alleviating role of bio-enhancers co-administered with levetiracetam for pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. Methodology: Pilocarpine (250 mg/kg) was used to develop epilepsy in rats. Levetiracetam (LEV) (140 mg/kg) was administered with Zingiber officinale Extract (ZOE) (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) and Cow Urine Distillate (CUD) (1.5 ml/kg and 3 ml/kg). HPLC was used to evaluate drug concentration in blood. Serum nitrate, catalase, CRP, calcium level and calcium level of the brain, behavioural markers in rats were assessed and compared with the Leviteracetam group only. Result and Discussion: The present study showed that combining ZOE and CUD with levetiracetam was advantageous through substantial reduction (p < 0.05) in serum nitrate, CRP and increased catalase (p < 0.05), while reduced serum calcium compared to LEV alone. Combination of ZOE and CUD with levetiracetam treatment also reduced seizure behaviour and duration in rats. The bioavailability of LEV in plasma and brain was increased when epileptic rats were treated with LEV plus ZOE and CUD compared to disease control. Conclusion: Utilization of Zingiber officinale and CUD in combination with LEV was proven therapeutically effective in the epileptic model and used to lower the dose of LEV along with reducing seizure behaviour and time with the potential for the treatment of epilepsy.