Topology and histology were performed in the lymphoid tissues (thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen and cecal tonsils) of the fifteen 28-days-old "Kasilla" broilers by observation of H & E stained sections in the Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from October to December 2005. In the present study, it was observed that the thymus was enclosed by a thin connective tissue capsule. Numerous fine septa of connective tissue originated from the capsule and divide the organ into incompletely separated lobules. Each lobule organized into a peripheral cortex and a central medulla. The population of the immunocompetent cells (lymphocytes and immunoglobulin containing plasma cells) in the cortex were denser rather than that of medulla of the thymic lobule. The bursa of Fabricius was consisting of long thick mucosal folds (plicae). Numerous follicles filled the lamina propria of each fold and each bursal follicle was composed a peripheral cortex and a central medulla. The population of the immunocompetent cells in the cortex of the bursal follicle were denser rather than that of medulla of the bursal follicle. The spleen was surrounded by a thick splenic capsule and there was a small number of trabeculi. The network of the splenic tissue was consisting of a network of reticular cells and fibers and was arranged into red pulps, which were scatteredly distributed within the white pulps. The white pulp was composed of network of reticular cells and reticular fibers within which the immunocompetent cells were diffusely distributed. It contained sheathed arteries and lymphatic nodules. The red pulp of the spleen was formed from venous sinuses and anastomosing cord of reticular cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and blood cells. Cecal tonsil was composed of four histological layers i.e. tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. Their lining epithelium was simple columnar epithelium. More diffuse lymphoid tissue and unorganized lymphatic nodules were present both in the mucosa and submucosa of the cecal tonsil of broiler. The length and breadth of the thymic lobules were 629.30 ± 118.95 µm and 376.03 ± 98.92 µm, bursal follicles 468.83 ± 52.26 µm and 240.70 ± 34.19 µm, white pulp of the spleen 112.62 ± 13.25 µm and 89.42 ± 12.20 µm, lymphatic nodules of the cecal tonsil 255.20 ± 20.46 µm and 186.08 ± 24.90 µm respectively. The result of the present study revealed that the immunocompetent cells were arranged scatteredly or densely and as unorganized or organized lymphatic nodules in the lymphoid tissues and the length and breadth of the thymic lobule, bursal follicle, splenic white pulp and lymphatic nodule of cecal tonsils were varied within the lymphoid tissues and even one another.

A detailed investigation was performed with the aim to find out the indigenous medicinal plants having anthelminthic action. Ten (10) indigenous medicinal plants were primarily selected and the ethanol extracts were prepared for anthelminthic trial and determination of anthelminthic properties in vitro and in vivo against the gastro-instestinal nematodes in goat during the period from July 2006 to December 2006. Screening of ethanol extracts of selected plants showed the anthelmintic activity against gastrointestinal nematodes at lower concentration (50 mg/ml). In vivo screening (by oral administration) of four plant extracts (ethanol) showed variable degree of efficacy in experimentally infected goats, as measured by faecal egg count reduction test. A relatively higher efficacy was recorded in ethanol extract of neem treated animals in comparison to other plants extracts. Ethanol extracts of korolla also showed significant efficacy. The results obtained in this study showed that ethanol extract of Labanga, Neem, Karolla and Pineapple at the dose of 100mg/kg showed a significant and potent antinematodal effect. These findings indicate that the adult gastrointestinal nematodes are more vulnerable to selected indigenous plants. Within these ten (10) plants 4 showed more than 70% efficacy at a concentration of 100mg/mkg. Key words: Medicinal plants, anthelmintics, nematodes, fecal egg count, goat INTRODUCTIONA larger number of plants are naturally available in the indo-Pak-Bangladesh subcontinent, which possess narrow or broad spectrum anthelmintic activities. For both developed and less developed countries, recognition and development of herbal medicine offer treatment methods that are more environmentally benign, since they tend to be less toxic, produce fewer unanticipated side effects and apparently do not trigger anthelmintic chemoresistance. The phytochemical analyses of naturally available plants and control anthelmintic trials along with contemporary knowledge of parasite control strategies may offer new opportunities for effective and economical control of parasitic diseases. But, there are problems connected with the use of herbal medicine, the largest being the lack of scientific evaluation. The most effective approach to obtain such evaluation is the ethnobotanical approach, which assumes that indigenous uses of plant indicate the presence of biologically active compounds in the plants. Ethnoveterinary research, development and extension also play an important role in this context. The present study is a part of these research, development and extension that may help to evaluate effective, available and low cost anthelmintics of plant origin.Livestock is an important prospective sector which may contribute to solve problems of marginal farmers. Livestock is also capable of helping poverty alleviation. It plays an important role to promote human health by supplying animal protein of high caloric value in the form of meat and milk. It is also important in earning substantial amount of foreign exch...

Now a day, various medicinal plants are becoming popular for the treatment of different diseases. Some medicinal plants are being used for the treatment of diabetes all over the world. The study was conducted to investigate the effects of powdered form of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves on blood glucose concentration and body weight in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and for its efficacy study with a patent drug, Glimepiride. The effects of powdered form of Stevia leaves was evaluated in the Streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg body weight as single intraperitoneal injection) induced diabetic rats and for this, powdered form of Stevia leaves was orally administered at three different dose rates of 150 mg/kg, 200 mg/Kg and 250 mg/Kg body weight, respectively once a day for 3 weeks. Changes in the blood glucose levels and body weights were measured and the data obtained were compared with that of Glimepiride statistically by using Student's unpaired t-test. The powdered form of Stevia leaves produced significant (p<0.01 or p<0.05) hypoglycemic effects on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats in comparison with that of the standard drug, Glimepiride. Powdered form of Stevia leaves at a dose rate of 250 mg/Kg decreased body weight significantly (p<0.01 or p<0.05) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. From this study, it was observed that powdered form of Stevia leaves possessed both hypoglycemic and body weight reducing effects.

Female sex workers in Dhaka need family planning and other sexual and reproductive health services and prefer receiving them from drop-in centers.

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