Objective: To ascertain how frequently children with recurrent chest infections are vitamin D deficient. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics Hayatabad Medical Complex HMC Peshawar. Period: 10th August 2021 to 10th February 2022. Material & Methods: The study included 103 children with recurrent chest infections, including both males and females. Lithium heparin plasma separator test tubes were used to take 3-5 ml of blood from the vein, and the samples were then sent right away to the hospital's lab for assessment of the vitamin D level. Results: The age range of research participants was 1 to 5 years, with a mean age of 3.80 years. The gender split among patients was 33% female to 67% male. 60.2% of the patients had vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: It has been found that vitamin D deficiency is substantially more common in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of oral iron therapy in childhood nutritional anaemia and to identify the factors affecting the outcome of 100 patients. Data was collected from the medical records of the patients. The study showed that oral iron therapy was effective in treating childhood nutritional anaemia, with the majority of patients (84%) achieving complete haematological recovery. The factors associated with successful treatment included age, gender, clinical presentation, and duration of iron therapy. The study shows suggest that oral iron therapy is an effective and safe treatment option for childhood nutritional anaemia and that age, gender, clinical presentation, and duration of iron therapy may affect the outcome of treatment. Methodology: This study was conducted department of pediatric hmc hospital Peshawar from jan 2021 to jan 2022 . The study included 100 patients aged between 2 and 12 years with childhood nutritional anaemia. Data was collected from the medical records of the patients, including demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory results, duration of iron therapy, and outcome of treatment. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting the outcome of treatment. Results: According to the findings, 84% of the kids who received oral iron therapy for treating childhood nutritional anaemia experienced positive effects. Age (OR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-4.7), male gender (OR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-4.3), clinical presentation (OR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.3-5.8), and length of iron therapy (OR=1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.3) were all linked with successful treatment. Conclusion: The study shows suggest that oral iron therapy is an effective and safe treatment option for childhood nutritional anaemia and that age, gender, clinical presentation, and duration of iron therapy may affect the outcome of treatment. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to identify the optimal duration of iron therapy in the treatment of childhood nutritional anaemia. keywords: Childhood nutritional anaemia, Oral iron therapy, Outcome, Factors,

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in not an uncommon disease in children. It may lead to symptomatic infection and later on renal damage. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of ASB and its distribution by sex and age groups in children coming for routine immunization in District Peshawar, Pakistan.Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan form March 2017 to August 2017. 146 children presenting for routine immunization were selected. Sex, age groups, age in years and presence of ASB were variables. Sex, age groups and presence of ASB were analyzed by count and percentage with 80%CL. Age in years was analyzed by mean, SD and range with 95%CI.Results: Out of 146 children, 65 (44.52%) were males and 81 (55.48%) females, and 51 (34.93%) in age group ≤3 years, 52 (35.62%) in 3.0-6.50 years and 43 (29.45%) in 6.51-10 years. Mean age of sample was 4.82±2.81 (09-9.50, range 8.60) (95%CI 4.36-5.28) years. ASB was found in 16 (10.96%) cases. Prevalence of ASB was higher 4.11% in boys than 6.856% girls. It was highest 6.85% in age group 3.0-6.50 years, followed by 2.74% in 6.51-10 years and 1.37% in age group ≤3.0 years.Conclusion: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria is quite common in our children. It is a significant health risk especially among females, and we suggest more studies to find out the underlying factors and follow up studies on its complications.

OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of hypovitaminosis D in children presenting with Idiopathic musculoskeletal pain IMSP). METHODOLOGY The cross-sectional research was carried out at Peshawar’s Hayatabad Medical Complex’s Department of Pediatrics. The study duration was 6 months. The study comprised 151 patients with non-specific musculoskeletal pain who were tested for vitamin D levels to diagnose hypovitaminosis. RESULTS The age range of the participants was 3 to 15 years with a male predominance of 72.8%. The sample’s average the weight was above the 25 percentile. Hypovitaminosis D was found in 23.2%. Decreased sun exposure was documented in 82.85% of cases with hypovitaminosis. Hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and increased alkaline phosphatase were documented in 71.4%, 11.4% and 42.8% participants respectively with hypovitaminosis. CONCLUSION Hypovitaminosis D Is one of the risk factors for non-specific musculoskeletal pain but the current study revealed only 23.2% of participants had hypovitaminosis and inadequate sun exposure was a major risk factor for hypovitaminosis.

OBJECTIVE To determine the immunization status and its involved challenges among hospitalized children.  Material and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatrics department of Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from February 2017 to September 2017. All children less than 5 years admitted via the outpatient department were included in the study. Their guardians were explained the purpose of the study and informed consent was obtained. A complete medical record of each individual including name, age, gender, detailed history, and examination was recorded in a predesigned Proforma. It also included details of immunization (fully immunized, partially immunized, or not immunized at all), Parental education (less than Primary and above Primary), socioeconomic status (poor, middle, and upper middle), and residential status (urban/rural). RESULTS: A total of 497 children were included in the study, out of which 422 were males (85%).   A total of 419 (84.30%) were completely immunized, 65 (13.07%) were partially immunized and only 13 (02.61%) were not immunized. Among 84.30% of children who were completely immunized, their parents had an education status above primary schools. Thirty-six percent of fully immunized children belonged to poor socioeconomic status. Two third of the participants belonged to an urban community. CONCLUSIONS: Ninety-seven percent of study participants were found to be completely/partially immunized. Most of the parents of immunized children had education status beyond primary school and were of upper and middle socioeconomic background. Most of them belonged to urban areas of the province.