We have reviewed 233 patients with posterior urethral valves treated in a single center in Calcutta, India, over the last 20 years: 37 were neonates, 75 were between 1 and 12 months, 88 were between 1 and 5 years, and 33 were more than 5 years old when first seen. The clinical presentation and methods employed in diagnosis and assessment are described. Primary endoscopic valve ablation was performed in 140 patients (60%). One or other form of diversion was done in 100 (43%), 93 before and 7 either during or after valve ablation. The short- and long-term results have been studied. Eleven patients died during the initial hospitalization, 3 died subsequently, 15 are in end-stage renal disease, 17 are in poor health, and 18 have been totally lost to follow-up. The remaining 169 have been in good health for periods between 1 and 20 years. While our results of primary valve ablation in low-risk patients with responsible parents are as good as anywhere else in the world, we are concerned at our relatively high diversion rate and relatively poor long-term follow up; the methods being adopted to reduce these problems are discussed.

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The chloroform and methanol extracts of the leaves, root wood, stem bark, stem wood and seeds of Abroma augusta (L.) (Ulatkambal) were tested against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults through residual film assay. The seed extracts (CHcl3 and MeOH) were found to offer the highest mortality of the beetles and the LD50 values were 3046.083, 247.9217 and 75.96001 ?g/cm2 and 6598.793, 340.4855 and 113.6461 ?g/cm2 for the (CHCl350 values of 1127.785, 312.5822 and 146.3708 ?g/cm2 and 1689.468, 449.8259 and 134.9692 ?g/cm2 for the (CHCl3350 values of 3466.807, 450.3049 and 175.7438 ?g/cm2 and 4654.238, 1010.538 and 333.7202 ?g/cm2 for the(CHCl3350 values of 3295.859, 1137.558 and 363.1539 ?g/cm2 and 3717.851, 566.2215 and 230.7044 ?g/cm2 for the (CHCl33A. augusta did not show any activity against the beetles. According to the intensity of activity observed through mortality of the adult beetles the potentiality of the chloroform extracts could be arranged in a descending order of seeds> root wood > leaf> stem bark and for the methanol extracts, seed>root wood > stem bark > leaf. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20134 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 11-15, 2013

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