Floating photocatalysts have caused interest due to the benefits they provide. For example, the floating support has characteristic lightness and flexibility; while the photocatalyst has the advantage of being able to interact with sunlight without the need of stirring or oxygenation. In this paper, a floating photocatalyst based on a TiO2/ agglomerate composite is evaluated. The agglomerate is made from post-consumer packaging of multilayer containers. The catalyst was prepared by synthesizing of titanium dioxide powders with phase mixture anatase/rutile. The photocatalyst powder was attached to substrate surface using a varnish obtained by dissolving post-consumer polystyrene containers in toluene. The photocatalyst has different phase A-R (Anatase-Rutile) ratios. The approximate size of the nanostructure is 13.29 ± 3.28 nm, calculated using UV-Vis spectroscopy, the bandgap has values ranging from 2.56 eV to 2.90 Ev. The agglomerates have a rupture modulus of 14.95 N/mm2; they are hydrophobic materials and possess dimensional stability against changes in humidity (length) less than 10%, chemical resistance, are flame retardant. The TiO2/agglomerate composite is used for the photocatalytic degradation of a model pollutant (methylene blue) using sunlight.

The purpose of this work lies in the design and implementation of a closed-circuit temperature control system (SCTLC), to control the temperature transfer in the mold of the thermoprepared system, where the blocks are manufactured from multilayer containers. post-consumer. The plant (electrical resistance) was characterized, with the AC voltage levels (30V, 60V, 90V and 120V) in a time of 60 min each of the voltage levels, considering the initial temperature (ambient temperature), in function of the step signal, then, the plant model was determined using Matlab software and the analytical method with the data of the plant characteristic curve at a voltage of 120Vac, obtaining the first-order transfer function, then The PID controller implemented the Ziegler & Nichols method and the Matlab software were tuned and finally the reference input, the control, the power stage, the plant and the feedback were coupled. This project contributes to control and stabilize the resistance temperature, implemented in the thermoforming process, for the production of blocks using multilayer containers.

There are different types of hydroxyapatites (HAp) which is why their uses have extended not only in the area of biomaterials, but in catalysis their possible use begins to be analyzed. Its properties depend on the Ca/P atomic ratio, where the type of synthesis and raw material influence this relationship. For this reason, in this work HA was synthesized from the waste of the egg shell, its structure is made up to 90% CaCO3, phosphorus was impregnated, the material obtained was calcined at 800 °C, varying the time 2, 4 and 6 H. The material obtained was found to have characteristic functional groups of HAp, the Ca/P ratio was obtained byEDS, ranging from 4.8 to 44, indicating that you have HA with many carbonate groups.

Currently, the interest and the need to innovate new materials through the use of waste materials has grown, which meet similar or improved physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics of the materials they will replace. During the present investigation, Multilayer Containers (EM) and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) were collected, particulate agglomerates with different proportions were obtained, the apparent density, water absorption, mass, volume, heat behavior, angle were determined. contact, machining and compression tests. With the objective of evaluating the proportions p / p in the properties. The advantage of the material obtained is that they do not generate waste and are 100% recyclable. The 90:10 ratio is the one that could be used in the construction industry as false walls, with a modulus of rupture of 52.7 N / mm2 and a compressive stress of 32.9 MP, because it can be machined without altering its characteristics. -physical houses; While the 85:15 and 80:20 proportions, since they cannot be machined, could be used as a floating support with a photocatalyst catalyst, due to the fact that these agglomerates have dimensional stability when in contact with water.

In this work, a temperature control system (SCT) was designed and implemented in the thermoforming process for the manufacture of blocks for wall construction (BCM). The control process in the SCT consists in establishing the reference temperature for the thermoforming and send it to the Mega 2560 microcontroller. This component processes the input signal, obtaining six digital signals that control the surface temperature of each of the external faces of the BCM mold that has a rectangular prism geometry. These signals are sent to the electrical isolation stage where the actuators enable six electrical resistances (200 Watts to 120 Volts). The feedback of the temperature in the control system was made through type-k thermocouples, whose analog signals are compared with the reference signal to regulate the temperature. This project contributes to establish and control the temperature of the resistances, implemented for the thermoforming process, for the elaboration of blocks using multilayer containers.