Bei einigen bekannten Bauwerken der letzten Jahre, beispielsweise bei der DG‐Bank in Berlin (Architekt: Frank Gehry), dem Arts Center in Singapur (Architekt: Vikas Gore), dem Britischen Museum in London (Architekt: Norman Foster) oder kürzlich den Glasdächern über der Zentralachse und dem Servicezentrum der Neuen Messe in Mailand (Architekt: Massimiliano Fuksas), sind Freiformflächen zunehmend für Gebäudehüllen eingesetzt worden. Der folgende Aufsatz befaßt sich mit den geometrischen Aspekten und den mit der praktischen Umsetzung dieser Bauarten verbundenen Problemen. Es werden insbesondere eine Vielzahl verschiedener Knotenkonstruktionen vorgestellt, ohne die Stabstrukturen für Freiformflächen nicht realisierbar wären.
The Eden Project in Cornwall, UK, has probably the largest greenhouse complex in the world, comprehending eight interconnected spherical geodesic domes. The geometric design and optimisation of the double-layered spherical structures focussed primarily on the hexagonal grids of the external dome surfaces, where optimisation consisted of minimising the number of component types, being these components, faces, line lengths and angle combinations at grid nodes. The present article reviews the general geometric definition of the Eden Domes and elaborates, for the first time since the domes design around the year 2000, on their geometric optimisation. The results of this rationalisation are presented in colour images, which were produced with state-of-the-art (2021) software tools 20 years after the design development. The images reveal the geometric ‘economy’ – here, the extreme reduction of geometric component types – and the high symmetrical order of these structural configurations. The aim of the present paper is to present the thorough geometric specification of the Eden Domes in a single document that answers in detail the question of how the Eden Domes grids were geometrically constructed.
The Sphere is the central spherical building of the emblematic entrance pavilion designed by the architects AS+GG (Chicago) for the Expo 2017 'Future Energy' in Astana. The Sphere, with its 80-m diameter and theoretical 20,106 m 2 surface area, is the worldwide largest sphere completely covered with glass. The glazing panels of the Sphere are spherically curved and they have a parallelogramic shape. The panels are fixed at their perimeter to a congruent reticulated substructure of bent round tubes of steel. This secondary grid is fixed in turn to a coarser primary structural grid at regularly spaced support points. The primary spherical grid is the external subsystem of the complex support core of steel columns, steel beams and composite concrete floor slabs of the main pavilion. At the upper pole region, the Sphere has a horizontal wedge-shaped opening to accommodate two wind turbines. This opening is closed at its base by a glazed saddled surface which is supported by a cable net. Figure 1 gives an overall view of the pavilion, while Figure 2, top left, shows the glazing grid; top right, the primary structure and, bottom of figure, the overall dimensions of the spherical building. The German company Lindner Steel & Glass obtained the contract for the detailed design of the pavilion's
In der kasachischen Hauptstadt Astana fand vom 10. Juni bis 10. September die Expo 2017 statt. Die Weltausstellung stand unter dem Motto „Future Energy“ und ihr Wahrzeichen war der Kasachstan‐Pavillon, eine vollständig verglaste Kugel mit 80 m Durchmesser. Lindner Steel & Glass erhielt den Auftrag für das Design der gesamten Eindeckung, bestehend aus dem Kugelbereich, einem Seilnetz und einem Übergangsbereich. Für die Sekundärkonstruktion war Lindner Steel & Glass neben dem Design auch für die Fertigung und Montage verantwortlich. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschränkt sich auf den Kugelbereich und gibt einen Einblick in Geometrie, Statik, Eindeckung, Fertigung und Montage.
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