The moment-to-moment focus of our mind's eye results from a complex interplay of voluntary and involuntary influences on attention. Previous neuroimaging studies suggest that the brain networks of voluntary versus involuntary attention can be segregated into a frontal-versus-parietal or a dorsal-versus-ventral partition-although recent work suggests that the dorsal network may be involved in both bottom-up and top-down attention. Research with nonhuman primates has provided evidence that a key distinction between top-down and bottom-up attention may be the direction of connectivity between frontal and parietal areas. Whereas typical fMRI connectivity analyses cannot disambiguate the direction of connections, dynamic causal modeling (DCM) can model directionality. Using DCM, we provide new evidence that directed connections within the dorsal attention network are differentially modulated for voluntary versus involuntary attention. These results suggest that the intraparietal sulcus exerts a baseline inhibitory effect on the frontal eye fields that is strengthened during exogenous orienting and attenuated during endogenous orienting. Furthermore, the attenuation from endogenous attention occurs even with salient peripheral cues when those cues are known to be counter predictive. Thus, directed connectivity between frontal and parietal regions of the dorsal attention network is highly influenced by the type of attention that is engaged. K E Y W O R D S dynamic causal modeling, dorsal attention network, endogenous, exogenous, fMRI, involuntary attention, voluntary attention 1 | INTRODUCTION Accurate perception and action depend on the ability of attention systems to focus processing resources on (i.e., select) the most salient stimuli in the environment. A wealth of experimental evidence shows that selective spatial attention leads to faster and more accurate responses to stimuli at an attended location (see Pashler, 1998). Neuroimaging studies in humans and lesion analysis in neurological patients and nonhuman primates have provided evidence that the orienting of attention is supported by a widespread network, including the posterior parietal cortex, temporoparietal junction (TPJ), superior temporal sulcus, and dorsal regions of the frontal cortex (Corbetta et al.

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COVER ILLUSTRATION Left: Results from random effects analysis (p < .05 FWE) for all experimental conditions (exogenous attention, endogenous attention, and antipredictive cueing). Right: Schematic of dynamic causal modeling (DCM) model space, showing the four regions of interest (L & R Frontal Eye Fields (FEF) and Intraparietal Sulci (IPS)), intrinsic connections, and modulatory inputs. Our DCM analysis focused on how each condition (indicated by the blue, purple, and red arrows) modulated FEF ‐> IPS and IPS ‐> FEF connectivity. Image adapted from from our Figure 2 (Bowling, Friston, & Hopfinger, 2020, Top‐down versus bottom‐up attention differentially modulate frontal‐parietal connectivity, Human Brain Mapping, 41 (4)) and generated using Prisma Photo Editor (Prisma labs, inc.).