Background: Overweight and obesity are recognized as “escalating epidemics” affecting both developed and developing countries. Of the factors contributing to obesity, stress seems to be particularly important as stressful condition leads to irregularity in diet, lack of exercise and addiction. Medical students are exposed to a lot of stress throughout their education. Hence, this study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of overweight and obesity among undergraduate medical students. Objectives: The present cross-sectional study was intended to find out the prevalence of overweight/obesity among medical students of Enam Medical College and its association with their sociodemographic and life-style pattern. Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted among medical students in Enam Medical College, Savar, Dhaka from March to July 2017. A total of 283 1st and 2nd year MBBS students were included in the study. After getting permission from college authority and concerned Ethical Committee data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire containing the variables of interest. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were noted. Data were analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 16.0. Results: In the present study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.2% and 6.0% respectively. Males were found more overweight or obese (70.1%) compared to females (29.9%) (p=0.041). No other sociodemographic variables were found associated with overweight or obesity. Family history of obesity was observed for evaluation of overweight/obesity among the respondents (p=0.018) although family history of hypertension and/or diabetes did not influence the overweight/ obesity. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the overweight/obese group were higher than their normal counterparts (p=0.003 and p=0.002). There was no association between BMI and behavioral variables such as exercise, sleep, entertainment and food behavior. Conclusion: More than one-quarter of the undergraduate medical students are overweight or obese and overweight or obesity are more predominant in males. Overweight and obese students generally have family history of overweight or obesity. Behavioural factors such as taking exercise, time spent on sleep and entertainment and food habit are not associated with BMI. J Enam Med Col 2020; 10(2): 86-92

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Background: Overweight and obese individuals may have no cardiometabolic risk whereas normal weight individuals may present with cardiometabolic risk. The term‘Metabolic obesity’ has been floated to identify hidden metabolic risks irrespective of BMI. The pathophysiology of metabolic obesity can be explained by microvascular dysfunction and microalbuminuria is a wellknown marker of microvascular dysfunction. Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the association of microalbuminuria with metabolic obesity in Bangladeshi adult subjects. Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional analytical study included 200 individuals who attended outpatient department in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from March 2018 to February 2019. The study subjects were divided into metabolically obese (metabolically unhealthy) group and metabolically non-obese (metabolically healthy) group by metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the South Asian Modified-National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Microalbuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin to creatinine of 30 to 300 mg/gm. Demographic profile, BP, height, weight, waist circumference etc. were measured and fasting blood glucose, serum triglyceride, serum HDL-C were estimated and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was calculated. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The frequencies of metabolically obese (metabolically unhealthy) group and metabolically non-obese (metabolically healthy) group were 128 (64%) and 72 (36%) respectively. Mean values for age (p value 0.001), body mass index (p value 0.027), waist circumference (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p<0.001), fasting blood glucose (p<0.001) and triglycerides (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the metabolically obese group compared to metabolically non-obese group. Among the study subjects, the prevalence of microalbuminuria was 32.5% and prevalence of microalbuminuria was found very high (38.3%) in metabolically obese group, whereas microalbuminuria in metabolically non-obese group was found 22.2%, which was statistically significant (p value 0.02). Our results showed that diastolic BP (p<0.001), systolic BP (p<0.001), fasting blood sugar (p<0.001) and triglyceride (p<0.008) were significantly correlated with microalbuminuria. In the logistic regression analysis, diastolic BP (p value 0.015) and FBS (p value 0.039) were significantly associated with microalbuminuria. After harmonization of statistical analysis, our study indicated that elevated blood pressure and fasting blood sugar had strong association with microalbuminuria and are likely to be critical components that lead a substantial number of subjects to the prestage of metabolic obesity in the Bangladeshi adult population. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the prevalence of microalbuminuria is significantly high in metabolic obesity (metabolically unhealthy) in Bangladeshi adult population. Association of microalbuminuria with metabolic obesity is mainly attributed to high diastolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose. J Enam Med Col 2020; 10(3): 159-168

Background: B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) a neurohormone synthesized in ventricular myocardium and released into the circulation in response to ventricular dilatation and pressure overload, is a current biomarker used for identifying patients at high risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). High level of BNP is associated with an increased risk of Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) including new or progressive heart failure and myocardial infarction. The objective of this study was to assess the prognosis of newly diagnosed ACS patients by using plasma BNP level. Methods: This study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in collaboration with National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD) from January 2013 to December 2013. Total 100 newly diagnosed ACS patients, aged 30 to 70 years, irrespective of sex who reported within 24 hours of onset of symptoms were enrolled in this study by purposive and convenient sampling. Plasma BNP level of selected study subjects was measured within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. Then subjects were grouped on the basis of their empirical cut-off value of plasma BNP concentration Group I having plasma BNP level <135 pg/mL and Group II having plasma BNP level 135 pg/mL. Results: Of 100 ACS patients, 86 were male and 14 were female with the mean age 49.61±10.28 years and the age range of 30 to 70 years. Among 26 patients in Group I, good recovery, morbidity and mortality were 22 (84.6%), 4 (15.4%) and zero and among 74 patients in Group II good recovery, morbidity and mortality were 18 (24.3%), 53 (71.6%) and 3 (3.0%) respectively. Differences in outcome between groups were statistically significant (P=0.001). Above the empirical cut-off value of BNP (135 pg/mL) good prognosis was for 18 (24.3%) and bad prognosis was for 56 (75.7 %) patients and relative risk 3.48 in 95% CI (2.25-5.36). Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that higher baseline plasma BNP concentration is associated with more adverse clinical outcomes in ACS patients. Since the baseline plasma BNP concentrations at the onset of event shows incremental prognostic value, so plasma BNP can be used clinically as a biomarker of prognosis in ACS patients.