Background: Doping behavior, including the misuse of performance-enhancing drugs, is currently a serious problem in sports, and the efficacy of preventive efforts directly depends on information regarding the associations among different precipitating factors (PF) and doping behavior. This study aimed to establish the PF of potential doping behavior (PDB) in competitive swimmers. Methods: The study included 301 swimmers from Slovenia (153 females, 16.4 ± 2.4 years), tested during the 2017 National Championship. Variables were collected by previously validated questionnaires, which included questions on sociodemographics, sports-related factors, consumption of dietary supplements, knowledge of doping, factors of hesitation, and doping-related factors (i.e., number of doping tests, opinion about the presence of doping in sport). The PDB (positive, neutral, or negative intention toward doping) was observed as a criterion, while other variables were included as predictors in multinomial regression analyses (with “negative” as reference value), which additionally controlled for gender and age category (cadet-, junior-, and senior-level) as confounders. Results: The results confirmed higher susceptibility to doping in males (positive: odds ratio (OR): 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27–6.04), those swimmers who reported higher alcohol consumption (neutral: OR: 2.18, 95%CI: 1.06–4.16, positive: OR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.05–4.37), and those regularly used dietary supplements (positive: OR: 3.62, 95%CI: 1.25–10.52). Competitive achievement in Olympic- (neutral: OR: 0.57, 95%CI: 0.41–0.81, positive: OR: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.39–0.88), and non-Olympic disciplines (positive: OR: 0.54, 95%CI: 0.35–0.83) was protective against PDB. Swimmers who were more concerned about the negative social consequences of doping behavior (i.e., condemnation by family and friends) were less likely to declare a positive intention toward the PDB (family condemnation: OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.56–0.86, friends’ condemnation: OR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.52–0.80). Conclusions: The results of the study provide more precise insight into the specific factors associated with PDB in swimming. The established precipitating factors should be incorporated into targeted anti-doping campaigns in this sport.

Background: Effective tourism management in the field of sports tourism requires an understanding of differences in socioeconomic characteristics both within and between different market segments. Objective: In the broad tourism market demographic characteristics have been extensively analyzed for differences in destination choices, however little is known about demographic factors affecting sport tourists' decisions. Methods: A sample of Slovenian sports tourists was analyzed using data from a comprehensive survey of local and outbound tourist activity conducted by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia in 2008. After data weighting the information for 353,783 sports related trips were available for analysis. The research model adopted suggests that four socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, level of education and income) significantly affect a tourist's choice of sports related travel either locally within Slovenia or to a foreign country. Furthermore the destination (local or foreign) has an influence on the choice of the type of accommodation selected and the tourist's total expenditure for the trip. For testing the first part of our model (the socio-demographic characteristics effects) a linear regression was used, and for the final part of the model (the selection of accommodation type and travel expenditure) t-test were applied. Results: The result shows the standardized ß regression coefficients are all statistically significant at the .001 level for the tested socio-demographic characteristics and also the overall regression model was statistically significant at .001 level. Conclusions: With these results the study confirmed that all the selected socio-demographic characteristics have a significant influence on the sport-active tourist when choosing between a domestic and foreign tourism destination which in turn affect the type of accommodation chosen and the level of expenditure while travelling.

Abstract-This paper examines the impact of the global economic crisis on revenues on all non-governmental sport organizations (sport NGOs) in Slovenia, as a small European economy. Five types of operating revenues of all sport NGOs from 2007 to 2010 have been analyzed. We found that the overall trend of sport NGOs revenues does not correspond exactly to the trends of the Slovenian economy. The greatest financial impacts were experienced in grassroots sport, while professional sport NGOs have increased their operating revenues, mostly due to increases of public revenues. The findings suggest that the true impact of the recession on Slovenian sport NGOs remains to be seen. We conclude that the ongoing recession will affect grassroots sport the least, while semi-professional and professional sport NGOs will be under financial threat. Because of the synergistic effects of different types of NGOs, this could affect the sustainability of Slovenian sport.Keywords: grassroots sport, professional sport, sport club, revenueResumo-"O impacto da crise econômica global sobre as finanças de organizações desportivas não governamentais na Eslovénia está por ser visto." Este artigo analisa o impacto da crise econômica mundial sobre as receitas das organizações desportivas não governamentais (ONGs de esporte) na Eslovênia, como uma pequena economia europeia. Cinco tipos de receitas operacionais de todas as ONGs do esporte 2007-2010 foram analisados. Descobrimos que a tendência geral das receitas das ONGs do esporte não corresponde exatamente às tendências da economia eslovena. Os maiores impactos financeiros foram encontrados no esporte de base, enquanto as ONGs desportivas profissionais têm aumentado suas receitas operacionais principalmente devido ao aumento das receitas públicas. Os resultados sugerem que o verdadeiro impacto da recessão sobre as ONGs eslovenas desportivas continua a ser observado. Conclui-se que a recessão em curso afetará o esporte de base o mínimo, enquanto as ONGs de esportes semi-profissionais e profissionais estarão sob ameaça financeira. Por causa dos efeitos sinérgicos de diferentes tipos de ONGs isso poderá afetar a sustentabilidade do esporte esloveno.Palavras-chave: esporte de base, esporte profissional, esporte amador, receitaResumen-"El impacto de la crisis económica mundial en las finanzas de las organizaciones deportivas no gubernamentales en Eslovenia queda por ver." Este artículo examina el impacto de la crisis económica global en los ingresos de las organizaciones deportivas no-gubernamentales (ONG's deportivas) en Eslovenia, como una pequeña economía europea. Han sido analizados cinco tipos de ingresos de explotación de todas las ONG's deportivas desde 2007 a 2010. Encontramos que la tendencia general de los ingresos de las ONG's deportivas no se corresponden con la tendencia de la economía eslovenia. El mayor impacto financiero fue experimentado en el deporte base, mientras que las ONG's deportivas profesionales han incrementado sus ingresos de explotación, generalmente debido al incremento...