No abstract

Climate change will have a significant impact on forests as most of the factors determining their condition are modified by the effects of the climate change process. Some of these effects are a change in the distribution and amount of precipitation, an increase in the frequency of extreme meteorological phenomena, including hurricane winds, temperature distribution, or a change in the length of the growing season. In order to maintain the productivity of Polish forests and the range of ecosystem services they provide, the forestry sector will have to adapt to these changes. However, forestry will also have to take a part in holding back climate change. Achieving climate neutrality by mid-21st century and ensuring a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 will not be possible without using the ability of forests to absorb and permanently store carbon. Polish forestry seems to be insufficiently prepared for the challenges ahead. A new national forestry policy has not been developed in the past twenty years, which results, inter alia, in a lack of any clear indication of the role of Polish forests in climate protection. Adaptation to the effects of climate change is hampered by the lack of up-to-date, detailed scenarios of how this process will affect the climate factors in Poland. Particularly dangerous, in light of the role of forests in climate protection, is a significant decrease in the afforested area, which in turn leads to a reduction in the amount of carbon absorbed by them. Another obstacle to implementation of effective measures may be the growing disparity between the current forestry practice and social expectations, as well as a low degree of willingness from the State Forests to cooperate with stakeholders who present different opinions on how to conduct forest management. This obstacle may lead to disputes about the management of Polish forests at the European Union level and rulings of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The conducted analyses showed that cooperation with a wide range of stakeholders will be the basic condition for the inclusion of Polish forests in the implementation of climate policy objectives on a greater scale. It should help define the role of this sector in this process, implement the necessary adaptative and climate protection measures, and support activities aimed at acquiring new land for afforestation.