We investigate spherically symmetric non topological solitons in electrodynamics with a scalar field self interaction U ∼ |ψ| taken from the complex signum-Gordon model. We find Q-balls for small absolute values of the total electric charge Q, and Q-shells when |Q| is large enough. In both cases the charge density exactly vanishes outside certain compact region in the three dimensional space. The dependence of the total energy E of small Q-balls on the total electric charge has the form E ∼ |Q| 5/6 , while in the case of very large Q-shells E ∼ |Q| 7/6 .

No abstract

Electronic effects induced by single hydrogen atoms on the Ge(001) surfaceUse of near-surface channel conductance and differential capacitance versus potential measurements to correlate inversion layer formation with low effective surface recombination velocities at n-Si/liquid contacts Appl.A four-point surface conductivity probe suitable for in situ ultrahigh vacuum conductivity measurements Rev.