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This paper comprehensively reviews CO2 sequestration process in saline aquifers. The storage mechanisms including structural, residual, solubility, and mineral trappings are assessed along with a discussion of their relative contributions, and their key parameters and optimisations. In view of storage security and capacity, effects of rock and fluid properties and reservoir conditions together with injection strategies are discussed. Furthermore, CO2 storage site selection is investigated followed by an evaluation of the different measurement, monitoring and verification methods to mitigate the risk of leakage. Field examples with key learnings are also presented to help engineers with sustainable development of storage projects.

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This paper investigates the phase behavior and mutual interactions between a light crude oil and CO 2 at high pressures and high temperatures (HPHT). To do so, we have measured PVT properties of the CO 2 -oil system at HPHT using a PVT setup. We have also tried to present a detailed methodology for measuring PVT properties of CO 2 -oil systems and highlight the difficulties such as oil vaporization by CO 2 during the experiments. A crude oil sample, collected from a Malaysian oil field, was used here. Our experiments indicated that, CO 2 solubility in the oil increased at higher pressures when measured at a fixed temperature. Our experiments also showed that increasing the test temperature would reduce CO 2 solubility in the oil, while its effect is more significant at higher pressures. The swelling factor (SF) measurements showed an increasing trend with pressure up to a certain value so-called extraction pressure, at which, the SF started to be reduced even became less than one. The measurements of oil viscosity indicated that CO 2 dissolution in the oil sample could reduce the mixture viscosity up to 61%. The interfacial tensions between CO 2 and the crude oil at different pressures were also measured while the results were used to estimate the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) and the first contact miscibility (FCM) pressure. The IFT measurements at various pressures displayed a reduction trend as a result of more CO 2 dissolution in the oil but with two different slopes. That is, at lower pressure values, the measured IFTs were sharply reduced with pressure, while the reduction rate of the IFT became less when pressures exceeded the extraction pressure. This study helps with determining the optimum pressure and temperature conditions of CO 2 -oil systems to have a minimum IFT, a maximum CO 2 solubility and SF, and a minimum oil viscosity that are favorable for CO 2 -enhanced oil recovery projects. Additionally, the methodology presented here gives guidelines on how to design PVT experiments of CO 2 -oil systems for petroleum and chemical engineering applications.