The positive outcomes of this brief psychological intervention in patients attempting self-harm are promising and suggest that C-MAP may have a role in suicide prevention.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and their relationship to age and obesity was estimated in the rural town of Shikarpur in Sindh Province, Pakistan by a population-based survey in 1994. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in a stratified random sample of 967 adults (387 men, 580 women) aged 25 years and above. The diagnoses of diabetes and IGT were made on the basis of WHO criteria. The response rate was 71% for men and 80% for women. The prevalence of diabetes was 16.2% (9.0% known, 7.2% newly diagnosed) in men, and 11.7% (6.3% known, 5.3% newly diagnosed) in women. The prevalence rose with age to a peak of 30% and 21% in 65-74 year-old men and women respectively. IGT was detected in 8.2% of men and 14.3% of women. Thus, total glucose intolerance (diabetes and IGT combined) was present in 25% of subjects examined. These results indicate that glucose intolerance in South Asians can no longer be regarded as a problem confined to migrant communities. Of the 72 subjects previously known to have diabetes, none was using insulin treatment, but 57 (79%) took oral hypoglycaemic agents. Central obesity and positive family history were strongly associated with diabetes, as was prevalence of hypertension. The association with central obesity was greater for women than for men, and suggests important, modifiable risk factor(s) related to lifestyle.

Background and Objective:Urinary tract infection is one of the commonest infections seen in clinical practice. Lack of compliance and unjustified antibiotic prescriptions has resulted in bacterial resistance and is proving as a major challenge in the management of these infections. Our aim was to identify the sensitivity pattern of commonly used antibiotics against urinary tract infections so as to suggest an improvised line of action against bacteria causing urinary tract infections’.Method:This was a hospital based cross sectional study extended over a period of four months. Patients were recruited from outpatients department of a tertiary care hospital in an industrial area of Karachi. Adult patients with symptomatic and documented UTI in urine detailed report (pus cells >10) were enrolled after informed consent. A clean catch midstream urine was collected for culture and sensitivity testing using the standard microbiological procedure. Data is analyzed on SPSS 16.Results:A total of 184 samples were collected in 4 months. The Male to Female ratio was 1:2 (n=58/126) with mean age 48.5±12 years. 83(45.6%) patients were between 45-60 years. Most common isolated pathogen was Eschericia coli 108(59%) followed by staphylococcus aureus 30(16.4%) and Klebsiella 20(11%). 55(30%) pathogens showed sensitivity to 4-6 antibiotics, 22(12%) strains to 7-9 antibiotics, 33(18%) were sensitive to ≤3 drugs and in 3(1.6%) patients resistance to all antibiotics is seen. The more resistant pathogens were sensitive to intravenous antibiotics alone.Conclusion:In this low socioeconomic cohort with UTI nearly half the isolated pathogens has shown resistance to most of the commonly used antibiotics recommended in the guidelines especially the floxacin group probably because of its unwarranted use. Therefore, a revised line of management should be developed locally in accordance with the susceptibility pattern of the urinary pathogens to avoid further resistance as well as morbidity of the patient.

Improvement in carbohydrate tolerance after pirenzepine in normal subjects is dose related and largely independent of GH suppression. Cholinergic blockade can also improve meal carbohydrate tolerance with simultaneous reduction in plasma insulin concentrations in non-insulin dependent diabetics, particularly those with obesity.

Objective: This study was aimed to determine the predictive value of HbA1c in detecting dyslipidemia in patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: A total of 142 consecutive patients of Type-2 diabetes mellitus were recruited in this study after informed consent. The study was conducted for 6 months from January 2019 – June 2019 in Creek General Hospital, Korangi, Creek, Karachi. Demographic data and detailed history was taken. A complete systemic examination was done for any complications or co-morbids present and related investigations were performed including Fasting lipid profile (CHO, TG’s, HDL, LDL, CHO/HDL), serum HbA1c, Creatinine and ECG. Data is analyzed on SPSS 16 for mean, frequencies and correlations. Pearsons Chi square test is used for analyses of Correlation Results: In a total of 142 Type-2 diabetic patients 39(27.5%) were Males and 103(72.5%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1: 2.6. Mean age was 54.9yrs ± 10.7SD. Mean duration of diabetes was 7.37yrs ±5.64 SD years. Mean BMI is 26.8 ± 3.67kg/m2. 27(19.01%) patients had HbA1c ≤ 7% whereas 115(80.9%) had >7%. 81(57.04%) patients had dyslipidemia. HbA1c exhibited direct correlations with BMI, cholesterol, TG’s and LDL and inverse correlation with HDL with significant P value of <.05. TG’s were found significantly higher in females when compared with male patients. In addition, Metabolic syndrome also showed a strong correlation with increasing HbA1c levels especially in female gender (P0.001). Conclusion: The results of our study indicates that HbA1c can be used not only as a useful biomarker of long-term glycaemic control but also a good predictor of lipid profile. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2000 How to cite this:Kidwai SS, Nageen A, Bashir F, Ara J. HbA1c – A predictor of dyslipidemia in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2000 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.