This study reports on the phenotypic and genetic (co)variance components for reproductive traits in Zandi sheep, using between 1,859 and 2,588 records obtained from 577 ewes. The data were collected from the Khojir Breeding Station of Zandi sheep in Tehran, Iran from 1994 to 2008. The basic traits were litter size at birth (LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), litter mean weight per lamb born (LMWLB), and litter mean weight per lamb weaned (LMWLW), and the composite traits were total litter weight at birth (TLWB) and total litter weight at weaning (TLWW). Genetic analyses were carried out using the restricted maximum likelihood method that was explored by fitting the additive direct genetic effects and permanent environmental effects of the ewes as random effects and the ewe age at lambing and lambing year as fixed effects for all of the investigated traits. Akaike's information criterion was used to choose the most appropriate model. LSB, LSW, LMWLB, LMWLW, TLWB, and TLWW direct heritability estimates were 0.07, 0.05, 0.12, 0.10, 0.08, and 0.14, respectively. The estimated fractions of variance due to the permanent environmental effects of the ewe ranged from 0.03 for LMWLB to 0.08 for LMWLW and TLWW. Corresponding repeatability estimates ranged from 0.10 for LSW to 0.22 for TLWW. Direct genetic correlations varied from -0.61 for LSB-LMWLB to 0.88 for LSB-LSW and LSB-TLWB. Results indicate that genetic change depends not only on the heritability of traits, but also on the observed phenotypic variation; therefore, improvement of non-genetic factors should be included in the breeding programs.

SummaryBackground: Lori sheep is an Iranian heavy breed known for its superiority in terms of disease resistance, adaptability to the mountainous west of the country and meat production potential. Objective: to estimate and compare the inbreeding coefficient in Lori sheep, and its impact on growth traits. Methods: data and pedigree information were collected in Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, west of Iran, during 2001-2010. Traits included were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 6-month weight (6MW) and 9-month weight (9MW). The inbreeding coefficient estimation was carried out through the CFC software, and quantification of individual inbreeding regression on the characteristics was conducted using The Wombat software. All animals were divided into four categories according to the inbreeding coefficients obtained from their pedigree: the first category included non-inbred animals (F = 0%); and the second, third, and fourth categories included inbred animals as 00.20, respectively. Results: inbreeding coefficients were 0.69% and 2.24% in the entire population and inbred population, respectively. Inbreeding regression for BW, WW, 6 MW and 9 MW were estimated as +4.5, -10.3, -76.3, and -77.4 g, respectively. The inbreeding trend was positive and significant for the whole population (0.215; p<0.001), but not significant for the inbred population. Conclusion: these results confirm a low level of inbreeding and suggest that direct controlled mating could be an appropriate method to avoid inbreeding depression.

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