Imaging of the abdominal wall vasculature prior to deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) perforator (DIEP) flaps has been shown to significantly improve surgical outcomes. Although computed tomography angiography (CTA) has been shown to be highly accurate, it is associated with radiation exposure, and as such modalities without radiation exposure have been sought. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has been proposed as such an option. We conducted a pilot study comparing MRA with CTA and with operative findings in six consecutive patients undergoing DIEP flaps for breast reconstruction. The DIEA, superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) and perforators were all assessed with each modality. We found that the DIEA and SIEA were accurately imaged with both CTA and MRA, but that while MRA could identify some major perforators, CTA was more accurate than MRA for perforator mapping. As such, while MRA does have a role in the imaging of DIEA perforators, CTA is still the preferred modality. On the basis of these findings, a larger study into the role for MRA in this setting is warranted.

This paper shows that communication of economic news varies across newspapers in the United Kingdom. We develop new time series of economic news tonality using a unique dataset of policy influenced articles published in major UK newspapers. We show that the volume and tonality of news respond to current economic conditions. For example, the nature of news changes around events of economic uncertainty such as the global financial crisis and the post-EU referendum periods. We also provide illustrative evidence that communication differs across newspaper formats. Tabloids, as opposed to quality newspapers, tend to express news more negatively, and mostly report policy-related news during periods of economic stress. The integral importance of these results is illustrated by news reaction curves showing a strong positive relationship mostly lasting three months between consumer sentiments and news.

It is argued that internet-based short-sellers take advantage of asymmetric information, publishing research online which often values shares in a target company at a large discount to their current price. The increasing popularity of online dissemination of information, coupled with evidence that individuals are prone to behave in a herd-like fashion suggests the potential for significant volatility in the share price of a company. In this paper, a dataset of 12,616 financial message board postings is employed to examine patterns in online activity following the publication of a research note targeting a specific firm by an internetbased short seller. Identifiable trends in investor behaviour, indicative of community contagion, are shown with group sentiment shifting over time. The findings have implications for regulators' attempts to adapt to an online environment in which information-and misinformation-can be rapidly incorporated into share prices.

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