ABSTRAK Tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai pestisida nabati, diantaranya sirsak (Annona muricata), kirinyuh (Choromoleana odorata) dan lengkuas (Alpinia galanga). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji efektivitas ekstrak daun sirsak, kirinyuh dan rimpang lengkuas terhadap pertumbuhan koloni Colletotrichum acutatum, penyebab penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman cabai, secara in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Siliwangi mulai bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2016. Rancangan Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari 9 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari : A = kontrol; B = ekstrak daun sirsak 0,5%; C = ekstrak daun sirsak 1%; D = ekstrak daun kirinyuh 0,5%; E = ekstrak daun kirinyuh 1%; F = ekstrak rimpang lengkuas 0,5%; G = ekstrak rimpang lengkuas 1%; H = campuran ekstrak daun sirsak, kirinyuh dan rimpang lengkuas 0,5%; dan I = campuran ekstrak daun sirsak, kirinyuh dan rimpang lengkuas 1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran ekstrak daun sirsak, kirinyuh dan rimpang lengkuas 1% efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan koloni C.acutatum, pada masa inkubasi 7 hari sebesar 66,19% dan pada masa inkubasi 14 hari sebesar 69,94%. Ketiga ekstrak pestisida nabati tersebut memiliki potensi sebagai anti jamur C. acutatum. ABSTRACT Several plants that are potentially used as bio-pesticides are soursop, siam weed, and galangal. The research objective was to find out the effectiveness of leaf extract of soursop and C. odorata, and extract of galangal rhizome in inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum acutatum colonies, causing antracnose on chilli, in in vitro. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Siliwangi Tasikmalaya from July until August 2016. The research design used was a completely randomized design consisted of nine treatments and three replications. The treatments were A (control); B (soursop leaf extract, 0,5%); C (soursop leaf extract, 1%); D (C. odorata leaf extract, 0,5 %); E (C. odorata leaf extract 1%); F (galangal rhizome extract 0,5%); G (galangal rhizome extract 1%); H (mixture of soursop leaf extract, C. odorata leaf extract, and galangal rhizome extract each 0,5%; and I (mixture of soursop leaf extract, C. odorata leaf extract, and galangal rhizome extract each 1%). The results
In this letter, we advocate recognizing the genus Fusarium as the sole name for a group that includes virtually all Fusarium species of importance in plant pathology, mycotoxicology, medicine, and basic research. This phylogenetically guided circumscription will free scientists from any obligation to use other genus names, including teleomorphs, for species nested within this clade, and preserve the application of the name Fusarium in the way it has been used for almost a century. Due to recent changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, this is an urgent matter that requires community attention. The alternative is to break the longstanding concept of Fusarium into nine or more genera, and remove important taxa such as those in the F. solani species complex from the genus, a move we believe is unnecessary. Here we present taxonomic and nomenclatural proposals that will preserve established research connections and facilitate communication within and between research communities, and at the same time support strong scientific principles and good taxonomic practice.
Rice sheath blight (ShB), caused by the soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, annually causes severe losses in yield and quality in many rice production areas worldwide. Jasmine 85 is an indica cultivar that has proven to have a high level of resistance to this pathogen. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of controlled environment inoculation assays to detect ShB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a cross derived from the susceptible cv. Lemont and the resistant cv. Jasmine 85. The disease reactions of 250 F(5) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were measured on the seedlings inoculated using microchamber and mist-chamber assays under greenhouse conditions. In total, 10 ShB-QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 9 using these two methods. The microchamber method identified four of five new ShB-QTLs, one on each of chromosomes 1, 3, 5, and 6. Both microchamber and mist-chamber methods identified two ShB-QTLs, qShB1 and qShB9-2. Four of the ShB-QTLs or ShB-QTL regions identified on chromosomes 2, 3, and 9 were previously reported in the literature. The major ShB-QTL qShB9-2, which cosegregated with simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker RM245 on chromosome 9, contributed to 24.3 and 27.2% of total phenotypic variation in ShB using microchamber and mistchamber assays, respectively. qShB9-2, a plant-stage-independent QTL, was also verified in nine haplotypes of 10 resistant Lemont/Jasmine 85 RILs using haplotype analysis. These results suggest that multiple ShB-QTLs are involved in ShB resistance and that microchamber and mist-chamber methods are effective for detecting plant-stage-independent QTLs. Furthermore, two SSR markers, RM215 and RM245, are robust markers and can be used in marker-assisted breeding programs to improve ShB resistance.
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