The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, an area almost the size of Japan, has a new network of no-take areas that significantly improves the protection of biodiversity. The new marine park zoning implements, in a quantitative manner, many of the theoretical design principles discussed in the literature. For example, the new network of no-take areas has at least 20% protection per "bioregion," minimum levels of protection for all known habitats and special or unique features, and minimum sizes for no-take areas of at least 10 or 20 km across at the smallest diameter. Overall, more than 33% of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is now in no-take areas (previously 4.5%). The steps taken leading to this outcome were to clarify to the interested public why the existing level of protection was inadequate; detail the conservation objectives of establishing new notake areas; work with relevant and independent experts to define, and contribute to, the best scientific process to deliver on the objectives; describe the biodiversity (e.g., map bioregions); define operational principles needed to achieve the objectives; invite community input on all of the above; gather and layer the data gathered in round-table discussions; report the degree of achievement of principles for various options of no-take areas; and determine how to address negative impacts. Some of the key success factors in this case have global relevance and include focusing initial communication on the problem to be addressed; applying * email leannef@gbrmpa.gov.au the precautionary principle; using independent experts; facilitating input to decision making; conducting extensive and participatory consultation; having an existing marine park that encompassed much of the ecosystem; having legislative power under federal law; developing high-level support; ensuring agency priority and ownership; and being able to address the issue of displaced fishers.Key Words: biophysical operational principles, cultural operational principles, economic operational principles, reserve-design software, social operational principles Establecimiento deÁreas sin Captura Representativas en la Gran Barrera Arrecifal: Implementación a Gran Escala de la Teoría sobreÁreas Marinas Protegidas Resumen: El Parque Marino Gran Barrera Arrecifal, con una superficie casi del tamaño de Japón, tiene una red deáreas sin captura que incrementa la protección de la biodiversidad significativamente. La nueva zonificación en el parque marino implementa, de manera cuantitativa, muchos de los principios teóricos de diseño discutidos en la literatura. Por ejemplo, la nueva red deáreas sin captura tiene niveles mínimos de protección de por lo menos 20% de protección por "bioregión" en todos los hábitats y rasgos especiales oúnicos conocidos, y tamaños mínimos para lasáreas sin captura de por lo menos 10 o 20 km en el diámetro menor. En general, más de 33% del Parque Marino Gran Barrera Arrecifal está enáreas sin captura (4.5% anteriormente). Los pasos hacia este resultado fueron clarificar al público interesa...

Assemblages of aquatic vertebrate and insect predators were inventoried in streams in old-growth and logged coniferous forests in the western Cascades of Oregon to assess effects of clear-cut logging on stream communities. Effects associated with logging depended on stream size, gradient, and time after harvest. Clear-cut sections where the stream was still exposed to sunlight (5–17 yr after logging) generally had greater biomass, density, and species richness of predators than old-growth (> 450-yr-old) forested sections. Increases were greatest in small (first-order), high gradient (10–16%) streams, where clear-cut sites had both greater periphyton production and coarser streambed sediment than old-growth sites of similar size and gradient. Effects on predators were mixed in larger, lower gradient streams, where clear-cut sites showed accumulation of sediment and relatively small increases in periphyton production. Second-growth logged sections (12–35 yr after logging), reshaded by deciduous forest canopy, had lower biomass of trout and fewer predator taxa than old-growth sites.Key words: trout, salamanders, insects, logging, sediment, periphyton, watershed management

The objectives of this study were to examine the interactions of the riparian setting (logged vs. forested) and prey availability on the prey capture efficiency and growth of cutthroat trout, and to determine if the riparian setting influences the impact of trout predation on drift composition. Short-term relative growth rates of cutthroat trout, experimentally confined in stream pools, were greater in a logged than in a forested section of stream. Differences in growth rates were attributed to differences among pools in invertebrate drift density, and to differences in trout foraging efficiency that were related to differences between the sections in the amount of overhead shading and substrate crevices. Mean percentages of introduced prey captured by trout were greater in logged control pools and pools of both sections whose bottoms were covered with fiberglass screening to eliminate substrate crevices than in forested control pools and logged pools that were artificially shaded. A logarithmic relationship was found between trout foraging efficiency and surface light of pools.Drift density significantly increased relative to controls in pools from which trout were removed in the logged reach, but not in the forested section. This may result from habitat features in the logged sec?on that favor greater trout foraging success and the occurrence of behaviorally drifting prey taxa, wh1ch represent a predictable food supply for the trout.

for their contributions to the longitudinal study of the Mater University Study of Pregnancy birth cohort and Sharon Foster and Eric Vanman for their helpful comments on a draft of this article. AbstractThis study examined the relationship between biological and social risk factors and aggressive behavior patterns in an Australian high-risk sample of 370 adolescents. Perinatal, temperamental, familial, sociodemographic, and behavioral data were collected during interviews completed during pregnancy, immediately postpartum, and when the children were 6 months old and 5, 14, and 15 years old. Youths were given tests of verbal and neuropsychological functioning at the age 5 and age 15 follow-ups. Youths were divided into early-onset persistent aggression, adolescent-onset aggression, and nonaggressive behavior groups. Results revealed that the interaction of biological and social risk factors was significantly related to early-onset persistent aggression. Gender and developmental phase of measurement moderated the relationship between biosocial risks and the outcomes of earlyonset persistent aggression and adolescent-onset aggression.

Hall. 1987. lnteractions between the redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus) and the steeihead trout (Salrno gairdneri) i n western Oregon: the influence of water temperature. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44: 1603-1613. Water temperature i n hluenced interactions between redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus) and juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) ( 2 1 +) i n the field and laboratory. Trout in cool water when shines were absent and at intermediate water temperatures with shiner present occupied a similar range of habitats. Shiner alone i n warm water occupied habitats similar to trout, but i n the presence of trout occupied slower, deeper areas than when alone. In laboratory streams, production by trout was the same in the presence and absence of shiner i n cool water (12-15°C). In warm water (1%22"C), production by trout decreased by 9% in the presence of shiner compared with when shiner were absent. Production of shiner i n cool water decreased i n the presence of trout, -0.3 g-m-2-d-' together compared with 0.5 g.m-2-d-1 alone, but was not affected by the presence of trout i n warm water. Trout distribution was not influenced by shiner in coo! waters, but was influenced at warm temperatures. Shiner occupied all areas of the laboratory channels i n the absence of trout i n coo! waters but were restricted t o a few pools i n the presence of trout. Distribution of shiner was not influenced by trout at warm temperatures.La temperature de l'eau influe sur les interactions entre le m$ne rose (Wichardsonius balteatus) et la truite arc-en-ciel (Salms gairdneri) juvknile ( 2 1 +) en milieu waturel et experimental. Les truites gardees en eau fsaiche en I'absence de menes et 21 des temperatures intermediaires de I'eau en presence de menes ont frequent6 la meme gamme d'habitats. Les menes 6leves seuls en eau chaude ont frequente des habitats semblables B ceux utilises par la truite, mais en presence de ceile-ci, ils se sont deplaces vers des zones plus profondes oh le courant etait plus faible. Dans les cours d'eau experimentaux a eau fraiche (12-15°C)' la production de la truite etait la m&me en prksence et en absence d u mene. Par contre, elle a baisse de 54 % en presence d u mene dans u n milieu a eau chaude (I%Zl5C). En eau fraiche, la production dam mene a baisse en presence de la truite pour atteindre -0,3 g.m-2=j-' par rapport 2 0,s g.m-2-j-' en I'absence de celle-ci, mais en eau chaude la production n'a pas ete aouchee par la presence de la truite. En eau fraiche, le m6n$ n'influait pas sur la repartition de la truite, mais c'etait le cas A des tempkratures plus elevc5es. En $'absence de la truite, le mene frkquentait tsutes les parties des chenalax expesimentaux a eau fraiche mais il ktait restreint a queiques trous d'eau en presence de la truite. Celle-ci n'influait pas sus la repartition du mene en eau chaude. (J8395) everal researchers have examined interspecific interactions between freshwater fish by comparing populations in sympatry and allopatry (e.g. Everest and Chapman 1972; Nilsssn and Nort...