Advances made in extending a unified k-ε based RANS turbulence model to "more reliably" analyze high-speed aero-propulsive flows are discussed. The unified model solves additional scalar fluctuation model (SFM) equations to predict variations in turbulent Prandtl and Schmidt numbers, which can be quite substantial for these types of flows. The discussion includes a historical perspective of the developmental work performed as well as an overview of the current modeling status. RANS modeling still plays a dominant role in the "practical" analysis of aeropropulsive flows. It is used for preliminary design and design-optimization studies, where a large matrix of calculations must be performed, and, in the application of hybrid RANS/LES methodology, where the use of LES is often restricted to massively separated or jet/free shear regions of the flow. In extending the model, we have adhered to a "building-block" philosophy using data sets of increasing complexity and emphasizing high-speed applications where compressibility effects can play a dominant role. Fundamental laboratory data sets as well as benchmark LES/DNS solutions have been used for model calibration and validation, with several key comparisons presented in this article. Recent extensions described in this article include: low Re extensions to the SFM model improving near wall predictions; a compressibility/density gradient correction to the species fluctuation equation improving mixing predictions; and, a baroclinic torque correction to the kinetic energy equation improving predictions for angled jets. This article shows how these extensions serve to improve comparisons with data for a number of basic aeropropulsive flows, and it also discusses utilization of the unified RANS model in a hybrid RAN/LES DES modeling framework. NOMENCLATURE CC Compressibility correction nomenclature CVS Compressible vortex stretching nomenclature DES Detached Eddy Simulation DNS Direct Numerical Simulation EASM Explicit Algebraic Stress Model F d Density correction term in k f equation F m , f 1 , f 2 Near wall damping terms in SSGZ model G b Baroclinic torque correction term in k equation k Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) k e Internal energy (or temperature) variance k f Species variance L et Turbulent Lewis number LES Large Eddy Simulation M Mach number M c Convective Mach number M t Turbulent Mach number PDE Partial differential equation P k Turbulent production term Pr t Turbulent Prandtl Number RANS Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes SSGZ So, Sarkar, Gerodimos, and Zhang Sc t Turbulent Schmidt Number SFM Scalar fluctuation model SS ε Round jet vortex stretching correction SS k Compressibility correction term SWBLI Shock wave boundary layer interaction ε Dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy ε e Dissipation rate of internal energy fluctuations ε f Dissipation rate of scalar fluctuations λ b Near wall coefficient blending function ξ εT Near wall damping term in SFM model µ t Turbulent viscosity 814 Turbulence modeling advances and validation for high speed aeropropul...
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AbstractIn an effort to determine the impact of various wing parameters on the abrupt wing stall phenomenon encountered by the pre-production F/A-18E, various characteristics of the F/A-18C wing were modified to reflect the design changes incorporated into the F/A-18E wing.The parameters evaluated during this study included thickness, camber, twist, leading-edge radius, leading-edge flap-chord ratio and the addition of a leading-edge snag. The wing parameters were modified independently and then in combination to determine their impact on the abrupt stall.
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