Enhancing undergraduate education in endodontics is necessary to increase students' perception of their confidence and competence when performing root canal treatment.

This article analyses the impact on the local economy of an emergency cash–transfer programme in rural Malawi. The results are of interest, given the growing use of cash transfers as development aid as well as the increasing popularity of such transfers as a form of social protection across sub–Saharan Africa. It uses a form of social accounting matrix to show that there are widespread benefits for the regional economy as a whole (with multiplier estimates of 2.02 to 2.45), especially during the most ‘lean’ periods of the year, and for small farmers and small businesses in particular, as this is where poorer households' purchases are focused; education and health also benefit.

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Between 1808 and 1812 a Royal Navy fleet sailed the Baltic Sea pursuing objectives of crucial strategic importance. This article traces the efforts made to secure local food supplies to provide for the fleet and the ways in which officials overcame geographical and economic obstacles to do so. The fleet relied on private contractors being able to produce the necessary provisions, and on an efficient purchasing system. It also required diplomatic dexterity: between 1810 and 1812 Britain and Sweden were officially at war and yet the supply to the fleet continued. This article will also argue that the British consular service played a key role in managing these logistical arrangements. This was an institution growing in importance, a key player in ensuring the Navy navigated local impediments.

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