Common agents currently used in treating metastatic breast cancer are the antimitotics paclitaxel and docetaxel [1,2]. These drugs bind to β-tubulin, a major protein in mitotic spindles, and halt cell division at metaphase. Their effectiveness in cancer chemotherapy is thought to be due to their ability to reduce the dynamics of microtubules in mitotic spindles, thus preventing spindle assembly and interrupting the normal movement of sister chromatids toward the spindle poles [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Tubulin, a 100 kDa αβ heterodimer, is structurally heterogeneous, with seven genes encoding α-tubulin and β-tubulin isotypes. The major differences between isotype classes reside in the last 15-20 amino acids of the carboxy-termini et al., licensee BioMed Central Ltd (Print ISSN 1465-5411; Online ISSN 1465-542X). This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL. AbstractBackground: Antimitotic chemotherapeutic agents target tubulin, the major protein in mitotic spindles. Tubulin isotype composition is thought to be both diagnostic of tumor progression and a determinant of the cellular response to chemotherapy. This implies that there is a difference in isotype composition between normal and tumor tissues.

Antenatal diagnosis of INPLAT is paramount to minimize UT injury. Utilization of management modifications identified in this review may reduce urologic injury due to INPLAT.