The author hypothesized t h a t prospective foreign language t e a c h e r s would profess significantly m o r e positive a t t i t u d e s toward American English dialect differences t h a n would prospective teachers of other subject-matter 1. For discussions of t h e structure of present-day Black English, see, e.g., Walter A. Wolfram, -A Sociolin uistic

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This collection of papers from the First Noordwijkerhout Conference comprises the first volume of Benjamins' new Studies in Bilingualism series. With the exception of the editors' introduction and Joshua Fishman's closing remarks, the book consists of 19 chapters arranged into two sections: (a) "Perspectives" and (b) "Various Approaches." The second section is divided into three subsections: (a) "Linguistic Studies," (b) "Sociological Studies," and (c) "Descriptive Studies." In their introduction the editors state that "the most common characteristic of the studies ... is that they either deal with the gradual disappearance of a language in a community where it used to be spoken, or with the resistance some languages show to this disappearance" (p. 3). The papers deal with both theoretical and practical aspects of language maintenance and shift and present both empirical and case studies of language contact situations in Europe, Asia, India, Africa, Australia, and the South Pacific. It is fitting and proper that Fishman was afforded section 3, "Prospects," all to himself because the beginnings of this line of sociolinguistic inquiry can be traced to his pioneering work, Language Loyalty in the United States (1966). His assessment of the current work is that while the negative side (attrition, loss, death) of the problem is well studied and presented, the more positive "R" side (reversal, revival, restoration) has received little and deserves much more attention. REFERENCE

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