In this paper I examine the genesis and progress of the Incorporated Land Group (ILG) in the Kutubu oil project area of Papua New Guinea (PNG). The ILG is a legal entity empowered by legislation passed in 1974 to give legal and formal recognition, protection and powers to customary landowning groups in PNG (see Fingleton, this volume). In the Kutubu oil project area, at the instigation of Chevron Niugini Ltd (CNGL), the previous managing partner of the Kutubu Joint Venture, the Foi, Fasu and Lower Kikori River clans became incorporated under PNG's Land Groups Incorporation Act 1974 (LGIA) and now receive royalty payments from the sale of petroleum. The ILG mechanism was employed by the developers in the belief that it would 'give powers to landowners so that they could manage their affairs in a businesslike way' and 'provide recognition of the land group [that would] enable the village landowners to act in a way that outside people and agencies must recognize' (Power 2000: 29). The advocates of the ILG mechanism asserted that 'the ILG constitution guarantees that decisions regarding clan resources are made by the correct authorities in the clan' (ibid).

This article analyses the Hindmarsh Island Bridge controversy in South Australia to argue that the legislative requirements for the presentation of indigenous culture and society conceal the extent to which this culture and society are themselves elicited by the very form and process of the legislation. The anthropological task of articulating a relational view of culture and identity in a legal and political domain which makes invisible the relational bases of its own procedures of knowledge and identity formation is one of the main challenges that emerges from the controversy. This article examines the versions of Ngarrindjeri culture and religion that were aired during the Royal Commission into the Hindmarsh Island Bridge in 1995 and speculates on the failure of both anthropology and the state to consider the relational nature of social knowledge and culture.

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This article defines sustainability to include community, economy, and the buildings made in service to those considerations. As gateways for knowledge, libraries are particularly well‐suited as demonstration vehicles. Beneficiaries are determined so that potential sources of funding can be identified. The case study (Oak Park Library, Ventura, California) integrates state‐of‐the‐art energy‐conserving design into a new joint‐use public and high school library. Client review, public presentations, computer modeling, and environmental specifications research led to a design that was awarded nearly $250,000 in construction funding and “buydowns”. Computer‐modeled analyses of the energy‐conserving elements of the Oak Park Library showed reductions in heating, cooling, and electricity consumption when those strategies were implemented. The strategies illustrated include techniques in lighting design, cooling/heating, and construction that can be replicated in new and existing projects to maximize efficiency in high‐visibility community demonstration projects. A listing of additional resources is also included.

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