This study sought to examine stakeholder involvement and implementation of infrastructure projects in Kenya Ports Authority. The specific objectives were to examine the influence of stakeholder empowerment, stakeholder communication and stakeholder grievance management on the implementation of infrastructure projects in Kenya Ports Authority. Implementation of projects at KPA has had challenges such as unmet timelines, cost overruns, scope variations and compensation demand by the local community. Theories that anchored this study are stakeholder theory, empowerment theory, game theory and communication theory. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The cadres of target population included persons in port electrical engineering, projects development and management, civil engineering, container operations, and conventional cargo operations departments totalling to 3,336 persons. The study used stratified sampling approach and the sample size was 358 persons. A structured questionnaire, containing close-ended questions was employed as the primary tool for data collection. Validity of the instruments was ensured using content validity, construct validity and face validity. Cronbach alpha coefficient test was used to test the reliability of the instrument. Microsoft Excel software and Statistical Package for Social Scientists software were used for data analysis. Multiple Regression analysis was used to determine the relationships and significance between independent and dependent variables. Tables and charts were used in the presentation of findings. The study established that stakeholder empowerment, communication and grievance management had a positive and significant effect on project implementation. This study concluded that stakeholder empowerment increases the ability and confidence of stakeholders to make choices and decisions. Effective communication helps the organization to build positive relationships with the project stakeholders whereas management of grievances provide a way to reduce projects’ risk, provide an effective avenue for expressing concerns and promote a mutually constructive relationship towards implementation of projects. The study recommended that stakeholders be empowered by allowing them to participate in decision making. Giving them more control over what happens in their work environment through control over work tasks, work pace and freedom from supervision. Project managers should establish regular communication with stakeholders and create a positive understanding to help build effective long-term relationships with key project stakeholders. The organization should adopt a structured mechanism for management of grievances that will be known to all employees.

The competitive business environment has forced organizations to engage in complex business decisions which require competitive strategic management. According to Haines (2016), Competitive Strategic management practices involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by a company's top management on behalf of its owners, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization competes. Competitive Strategic management practice is an important practice as it gives a strong influence towards firms’ success. Due to the ever changing business environment, small and medium enterprises struggle to operate, manage and improve their businesses efficiently in order to deliver quality products and services consistently and on time. This is because in most enterprises the application of business strategies requires a host of expensive and time consuming changes both in the organizational culture and structure hence many owner / managers have had to overlook for some necessary and critical business strategies. The study will be guided by four objectives; to establish the effect of Cost leadership strategy on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa central business district, to determine the effect of Differentiation strategy on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa central business district, to establish the effect of focus strategy on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa central business district and to determine the effect of product innovation on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa central business district. The study will be anchored on three theories namely; Resource-based theory, game theory and Porter Generic Strategies Theory. The study will adopt both cross-sectional research design and descriptive survey design. This study targets 19,708 small and medium enterprises located at the Central Business District of Mombasa City County. A sample size of 202 small and medium enterprises will be selected for the study where the units of the study will be business owners/managers. Structured questionnaires will be used to collect primary data. The data collected will be analyzed using SPSS and the specific statistics will be descriptive and inferential statistics. The results will be displayed on charts, tables and graphs. Multivariate regression model and path analysis technique will be used to show the relationship between the independent variables to the dependent variable.

Commercial banks in Kenya and especially Mombasa County are facing firm rivalry demanding the use of competitive strategies so as to improve their performance. Most of the commercial banks are deliberating on ways to enhance their performance, with competitive strategies being one of them to arrive a market and afterwards make sense of and ensure its aggressive position. Therefore, this study aimed at establishing the effect of competitive strategies on the performance of commercial banks in Mombasa County. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy and focus strategy on the performance of commercial banks in Mombasa County. The study was anchored on the theory of resource-based view, strategic balancing and game theory. A descriptive research design was employed in this study. The target population of this study was 280 commercial banks staff in Mombasa County. The sample size was eighty-four after adopting a stratified random sampling technique to select 30% of the target population. The study made use of primary data collection using questionnaires. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 24.0 and presented using tables. The study established that despite the challenges in implementation, competitive strategies are very important for banks to remain competitive in the market. The study further concluded that understanding the market structure is a key determinant for the successful implementation of competitive strategies. Banks following a cost leadership strategy realize statistically significant superior performance compared to those that pursue broad differentiation and focus strategy which reports above-average returns. The researcher highly recommends that commercial banks consider shifting more of their focus on the cost leadership strategy in order to realize superior performance. To succeed at offering the lowest price while still achieving profitability and a high return on investment, commercial banks are recommended to operate at a lower cost than its rivals, this could be possible through some fairly unique capabilities to achieve and sustain their low-cost position. The study also recommends strategy planners to integrate and embrace the differentiation strategy which will enable them to differentiate in various methods such as new technology, brand image, design, network customer service or the number of features. Further, commercial banks are recommended to centre on the existing markets and products or services; they can create competitive edge by getting the best mix between existing products and existing markets.

The study examined the influence of personal selling strategies and customer loyalty among insurance companies in Malindi town, Kilifi County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The targeted population was 967 employees working in the selected four insurance companies in Malindi, namely Gateway insurance company limited, Marangi insurance agency, Blue shield Company Limited, Tausi Insurance Agency. The unit of analysis was a sales manager, salespersons and customers. SPSS was used to organize code and analyze information and generate the quantitative report. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study concluded that selling strategy, Systems selling strategy, Features selling strategy and Consultative personal selling strategy was positively and significantly associated with customer loyalty. Moreover, the study concluded that selling strategy, Systems selling strat, Features selling strategy and Consultative personal selling strategy were positively and significantly related to customer loyalty. The examination recommended that the insurance agencies in Malindi can utilize the canned selling technique, system selling methodology, features selling system and individual consultative strategy to build the devotion of the clients since they have a personalized experience. Moreover, the research suggests that based on the level of completion in the market, the management in all insurance companies in Kenya to carry out various personal selling strategies to enable the companies to grow and diversify their portfolio to minimize losses and cut down the cost thus enhancing their competitiveness. Moreover, the study recommended systems selling strategies should be put in place to improve operational efficiency and improve the decision-making process to increase their performance. The study also suggested insurance to be more involved in advocating selling their products by clearly establishing the features of a product before making the presentation and to be revealing all the components of any product without hiding any information.

The Public sector plays a critical role in the effective delivery of public services that are essential to the functioning of a state economy. The service delivery in the public sector has been noted to be ineffective due to self-interest service from the public sector officers, unlike the private sector, where focus is primarily on shareholder value. The study examined the effect of the balanced scorecard and service delivery at the national health insurance fund in Mombasa County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the effect of the financial perspective of the balanced scorecard, the effect of customer perspective of the balanced scorecard, the internal business perspective of balanced and examine the effect of innovation and learning perspective of balanced scorecard on service delivery at national health insurance fund in Mombasa County. The study is anchored on Balanced score card model and agency theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design that depicts the attributes of a specific circumstance, occasion, or case.  The targeted population of the study was 158 and the respondents were senior managers, middle level managers, lower level managers and the support staff working at national health insurance fund in Mombasa County. The study finds that the balanced scorecard improves systems of the cost structure, the organization creates more revenue opportunities, net shareholder value is maintained and the asset is well utilized. Additionally, it can be concluded that most employees are delighted with the financial evaluation process by use of the balanced scorecard. The study found a positive relationship between the balanced scorecard components namely customer focus, financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business perspective, innovation, learning aspect and service delivery. The study concluded that customer focus to enhance the service delivery could be through implementing customer satisfaction measures, implementing customer service charter, maintaining product functionality, maintaining customer relationship management and maintaining customer loyalty. The study recommended that the need for NHIF to achieve the balanced scorecard to be able to track financial results while simultaneously monitoring progress through building the capabilities and as well acquiring the intangible assets they would need future growth. Also, the study recommended the organization to consider the issue cost minimization strategy to enhance the service delivery to the customers. In addition to that, there is a need to have a permanent solution to steady funds to be able to meet its obligations. The study further recommended that the organization to embrace the balanced scorecard and will help improve communication between the management and customers thus improve on the quality service hence satisfy the needs of the customers.