This article shows how muddling these concepts causes researchers to make claims that their findings do not support, and it ends in suggesting that future research must include universal measures of the concept of religion/spirituality in order to investigate further the role of interventions in the spiritual care of people living with cancer.

Botswana, a country in sub-Saharan Africa, has been in the midst of an HIV/AIDs pandemic that has halted its previously lengthening life expectancy trend. However, one group to escape immediate effects on falling life span is the oldest old age group (> 80 years). Their roles in the community due to the pandemic, however, have changed. Place of death is an important consideration in end-of-life care for older adults, and one which has been well studied in the Global North. The purpose of this article is to determine where Botswana's oldest old die (home or hospital), and to see whether cause of death, gender, or residence in a city, town, or rural area is associated with place of death. We use death certificate data from 2005 and 2006 to describe where the oldest old Batswana (the name for the people of Botswana) died, home or hospital. Two-thirds died at home. The mean age at death was 88.46 (+/- 6.21) years; more were female (56.9%); and of known causes of death, cardiovascular disease was the leading cause (16.8%). Most stated causes of death (62.4%) were listed as "unknown." Most oldest-old Batswana died in rural areas (70.1%), and in rural areas, proportionally more oldest old died at home compared to cities and towns. On multivariate analysis, being a woman > 80 years of age at death predicted home death. Future longitudinal study needs to determine preferences of place of death and the quality of death of Batswana > 80 years, especially women.

Aim To summarize the scientific literature on the elements essential to understanding a nursing definition of patient satisfaction. Design Whittemore and Knafl's methodology was used for this integrative review. Methods Articles were included if the studies they explored patient satisfaction in patient populations and measured patient satisfaction using standardized, validated instruments. Elements in this review were defined as the essential components that create the complex concept of patient satisfaction. Results Thirty articles were found and analysed in full. Five definitions of patient satisfaction were used, all of which were at least 20 years old. Twenty‐two different measures of patient satisfaction were used, six of which were nursing‐specific. Sixty‐eight elements of patient satisfaction were studied in the included articles. Forty‐three elements were reported as having a significant relationship with patient satisfaction, 25 were reported as having no significant relationship. Eight elements had both significant and non‐significant relationships.

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