The use of herbs as medications are enthusiastically recognized and extensively utilized in rural regions and in most developing countries. The lack of knowledge of the anti-nutrient contents of herbs reduces their use by the educated ones. To unveil these in the treatment of “ailments of utmost native importance” in Cross River State, this research carried out anti-nutrient analysis of the species used. Identified plants were separated from weeds and washed with water. The plant parts were processed and their extracts prepared according to the method described by Kumar et al., (2007). Hydrocyanic acid was estimated by the alkaline titration method, oxalate was determined according to procedures stipulated by Day and Underwood (1986) while phytic acid was determined using methods stipulated by Reddy and Love (1999). Results revealed that Phytic acid, oxalate and hydrocyanide all had low levels ranges of 2.47mg/100gDM to 6.17mg/100g DM, 12.82mg/100g DM to 30.41mg/100g DM and 1.62mg/100g to 6.23mg/100g DM respectively. Findings shows that these anti-nutrients are not within harmful ranges, and as such cannot interfere with the availability of potentially useful nutrients embedded in the species. These are below lethal doses to inflict any injury on humans. Keywords: Herbs, Anti-nutrients, Ailments, Lethal dose, Efficacy.

A survey of diurnal primate species in Pandam wildlife park, Nigeria was conducted to determine its population density and structure. Eight transect lines (2.0km length, 0.02km width) at interval of 1.0km were located as representative samples in the park within the three range stratum (riparian forest, savannah woodland and, swampy area) based on proportional to size in providing information on the primate’s species present in the park. These include (Cercopithecus mona, Erythrocebus pata, Papio anubis and, Chlorocebus tantalus). Direct method of animal sighting was employed. Data was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and diversity indices. The result showed that savannah woodland strata had more number of individual species encountered (132) and the lowest was the swampy area. Also the savannah woodland had the highest species diversity and richness while the riparian forest strata had the highest number of species evenness. More so, Cercopithecus tantalus was widespread throughout the park among other primates and Cercopithecus mona is most likely to decline even more rapidly than others since they inhabit the very tall trees. However, the variation in mean value of species sampled were not statistically significance (P>0.05). Generally, atleast one primate can be sighted in every km2 of range strata covered within the park. This census provides update information on the status of primate diversity and numbers within the park which can help to direct conservation efforts of the primates and other animals by the state government. This will further enhance the sustainability and elevation of the park to a National park.Keywords:  Population status, Diurnal Primates, ecology, Pandam Wildlife Park,

Aims:To study the effect of forest fragmentation on population density and species diversity of wild ruminants in Abayum forest. Study Design: Stratified random sampling for the fragments and simple random sampling for interview of hunters. Place and Duration of Study: Abayum forest, Cross River State, Nigeria. (Latitude 6.00° and 6.15°N and longitude 8.30° and 8.45°E of Green which Meridian). Data on forest fragmentation was Original Research Articlecollected for a seven year period (2000 to 2007) while data on the population of wild ruminants was collected in two seasons (rainy season and dry season) for one year between March 2010 and April 2011. Methodology: A random sample of 14 fragments representing 35% sampling intensity was carried out. Number of fragments over a seven year period, size of fragments and their corresponding population of wild ruminants were investigated. Interview of 50 randomly selected hunters in the area was conducted. The fragments were grouped into three viz: 1 st , 2nd and 3 rd order and samples randomly taken from each. Wildlife population census was carried out through indirect methods such as animal droppings, traits or tracts, feeding habitats and noise. Results: The number of fragments increased at the rate of 87.5% in 7 years or 12.5% per annum. Human activities such as permanent crop cultivation, settlement, bush burning and logging were the main causes of forest fragmentation. Correlation of the population density of wild ruminants with fragment sizes gave r = 0.375 in duikers, r = 0.611 in other antelopes and r = 0.649 in bushbucks. Conclusion: Fragment size determined the population of big wild ruminants. Other factors such as hunting pressure, bush burning and farming also contributed in the determination of the population of ruminants in any fragment. Recommendation: It was recommended that the Cross River State Forestry Commission should be well funded to enforce the anti-deforestation law of Cross River State thus reducing forest fragmentation. Farmers in the area should be taught to adopt intensive farming and agro-forestry systems rather than the shifting cultivation method they practice presently, to help conserve the remaining forest fragments.

Peting is an age-old habit of keeping either domestic or wild animals as man's companion. In Makurdi metropolis, residents also keep pets. This study was conducted with the objectives of assessing the Domestic and Wild Animal pets owned by residents of Makurdi Metropolis. Questionnaire was used and structured into 2 sections namely, socio-demographic characteristics of residents and ownership of domestic and wild animals pets. Simple and systematic random samplings were used to select sample locations in which a total of 250 questionnaires were administered; Descriptive statistics, Students t-test and chi-square analysis were used to analyzed data. Result showed that, out of the 250 respondents; 144 were male respondents while 106 were female respondents. Residents of Makurdi Metropolis owned both domestic and wild animal's pets. The commonest domestic animal pet was the Dog. While the commonest wild animal pet was the Red Patas Monkey (Erythrocebus patas). It was therefore recommended that more Enlightenment Oshita et al.; AJAAR, 9(4): 1-7, 2019; Article no.AJAAR.48461 2 campaigns on the danger of zoonotic diseases transmission associated with pets and their preventive measures should be given to residents of Makurdi metropolis to forestall future public health hazards. Original Research Article