For many patients receiving long-term anticoagulation who need to undergo a minor outpatient intervention, a brief (< or =5 days) periprocedural interruption of warfarin therapy is associated with a low risk of thromboembolism. The risk of clinically significant bleeding, even among outpatients undergoing minor procedures, should be weighed against the thromboembolic risk of an individual patient before the administration of bridging anticoagulant therapy.

Three cecal-fistulated horses were used in a 3 x 3 latin square experiment to determine the influence of diet and of cecal infusions of Na2CO3 on cecal fermentation and feeding behavior. The three treatments were hay, concentrate and concentrate plus hourly infusions of Na2CO3. Cecal fluid samples and cecal pH readings were taken at zero through 11 hr following feeding at the end of each experimental period, and animal activity was measured by the use of a movie camera set to take 5 sec of film every 5 minutes. Cecal pH was significantly lower at 4, 5 and 6 hr following feeding for the horses receiving the concentrate diet than for those fed hay. The concentrate-fed horses had a significantly lower percentage of cecal acetate and higher cecal propionate than those fed hay, while cecal butyrate was variable for horses receiving both diets. Cecal lactic acid was lower for the horses fed the hay diet than for those fed concentrate but the data were variable.Infusions of Na2CO3 significantly increased cecal pH at 3, 4 and 5 hr post-feeding, compared with that of horses fed only the concentrate diet. Horses receiving the Na2CO3 infusion had higher cecal acetate and lower propionate at 1, 3 and 4 hr following feeding than those fed only the all-concentrate diet.The horses fed the concentrate diet spent significantly more timechewing wood and in coprophagy than did those fed hay. Infusions appeared to reduce the time spent in these activities by the concentrate-fed horses, however the differences were not significant. The amount of time spent chewing wood was found 1 Data reported here were taken from a dissertation submitted by the senior author in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Ph.D., University of Kentacky.2 Paper No. 76-5-8, published with the approval of the Director, Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.a Department of Animal Sciences.to be significantly correlated with cecal propiohate. (

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A B S T R A C T Alterations in human cerebral blood flow and related blood constituents were studied during exposure to acute hypoxia. Observations were made during serial inhalation of decreasing 02 concentrations with and without maintenance of normocarbia, during 8 min inhalation of 10% 02, and after hyperventilation at an arterial Po2 of about 40 mm Hg. In the range of hypoxemia studied, from normal down to arterial Po2 of about 40 mm Hg, the magnitude of the cerebral vasodilator response to hypoxia appeared to be largely dependent upon the coexisting arterial C02 tension. The mean slope of the increase in cerebral blood flow with decreasing arterial 02 tension rose more quickly (P < 0.05) when eucapnia was maintained when compared with the slope derived under similar hypoxic conditions without maintenance of eucapnia. When 12 subjects inhaled 10% oxygen, cerebral blood flow rose to more than 135% of control in four whose mean decrease in arterial C02 tension was -2.0 mm Hg. The remaining eight had flows ranging from 97 to 120% of control, and their mean decrease in C02 tension was -5.1 mm Hg.

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