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Abstract:The problem of fair allocation of joint costs was considered by the TVA in the 1930's, in relation to apportioning costs of dam systems among participatory uses. Methods proposed to solve this problem foreshadowed various game theory solution concepts including the core, a special case of the nucleolus, and the imputation which minimizes the maximum propensity to disrupt. A method equivalent to the latter, but with a different rationale, is now in standard use among water resource engineers.Since the mathematical theory of games is an abstraction from decision problems of considerable practical importance, it is not surprising that key ideas of the theory were foreshadowed in the thought of scholars and practitioners in other areas. For instance, the work of Edgeworth [1881] and BOhm-Bawerk [1891] foreshadowed the idea of

Analyzing flow traces from residential water meters enabled researchers to collect precise data about water use by individual fixtures. Precise information about water use patterns can be gathered by analyzing flow traces obtained from residential customer water meters that are fitted with portable data loggers. Flow traces are precise enough that signatures associated with all major water use categories can be identified. For this study, more than 10,000 water use events were recorded, classified, and entered into a database. The technique is both accurate and reliable and can be used to collect time‐specific and disaggregated water use data. Measuring directly instead of inferring measurements from aggregated data is a quick and cost‐effective way to analyze water use patterns and directly assess how conservation measures influence water demand

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