Data from a 21-year period are presented to evaluate the effects of a mass cytologic screening program on uterine cancer morbidity and mortality in Louisville, Jefferson County, Kentucky. The success of screening was greatest in the younger age groups. There was a fall-off after age 45 years, especially in those age 60 years or older. Women at highest risk for cervical cancer, in the low socioeconomic quartile, had a better initial screening rate than the two middle-income quartiles, and had the highest rate of all women for subsequent rescreening. The greatest decrease in both morbidity and mortality was in women under the age of 50 years. Women age 30-39 and 50-59 years benefitted the most, as measured by mortality, with a decrease of 70.8 and 69.0%, respectively. There was no change in mortality rates for those age 70 years or older. Although the average annual age-adjusted rate increased from 13.2 to 15.3/100,000 women over the 21-year period.

We propose coordination mechanisms for multiple heterogeneous physical agents that operate in city-scale disaster scenarios, where they need to find and rescue people and extinguish fires. Large-scale disasters are characterized by limited and unreliable communications; dangerous events that may disable agents; uncertainty about the location, duration, and type of tasks; and stringent temporal constraints on task completion times. In our approach, agents form teams with other agents that are in the same geographical area. Our algorithms either yield stable teams formed up front and never change, fluid teams where agents can change teams as need arises, or teams that restrict the types of agents that can belong to the same team. We compare our teaming algorithms against a baseline algorithm in which agents operate independently of others and two state-of-theart coordination mechanisms. Our algorithms are tested in city-scale disaster simulations using the RoboCup Rescue simulator. Our experiments with different city maps show that, in general, forming teams leads to increased task completion and, specifically, that our teaming method that restricts the types of agents in a team outperforms the other methods. C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Th is study aimed to explore whether a six-week intervention, based on participation in outdoor exercise, including activity-tracking devices and combined with individual consulting sessions, can both increase physical activity and yield positive changes in physiological and psychological health measures. A total of six participants, with a mean age of 41.2 (range 33-50 years), completed the ten-week study and the six-week intervention. Th e full study consisted of a four-week control/baseline and a six-week intervention period in which each participant acted as their own controls. Continuous measures of physical activity data were collected using a wrist-worn activity sensor during the ten-week study, along with pre-and post-measures of cardiovascular fi tness, upper-body strength, BMI, general health, and motivation to exercise. Th e intervention consisted of a resistance-training programme for an outdoor gym and three motivational interviewing sessions. Eff ect sizes (percentage) for changes pre-to post-training were calculated. Th e results, because of the small sample size, are presented as individual cases, but the group, as a whole, showed average increases from baseline (pre-) to post-measures in strength (maximum row; 15.33%), time to exhaustion (3.58%), number of steps per day (4%), and autonomous motivation (12%) and average decreases in body weight (-1.08%), fat percentage (-7.58%), strength (chest; -2.5%), and stress symptoms (-2.17%). Th e six-week intervention programme showed promising results regarding physical activity changes. Th is study contributes to the limited evidence of the impact of resistance training programmes using outdoor gyms, electronic tracker, and motivational interviewing on physical activity outcomes. KEY WORDS physical activity, physiological health, psychological well-being, computerized exercise intervention, motivational interviewing Environmental factors' have the potential to infl uence PA, and research has highlighted the importance of promoting functional facilities designed for exercise (Kahn et al., 2002). In the literature, a number of ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER

Although partial migration, a phenomenon in which some individuals in a population conduct seasonal migrations while others remain resident, is common among animals, its importance in facilitating biological invasions has not been demonstrated. To illustrate how partial migration might facilitate invasions in spatially complex habitats, we developed an individual-based model of common carp Cyprinus carpio in systems of lakes and winterkill-prone marshes in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB). Our model predicted that common carp are unable to become invasive in lakes of the UMRB unless they conduct partial migrations into winterkill-prone marshes in which recruitment rates are high in the absence of native predators that forage on carp eggs and larvae. Despite low dispersal rates of juveniles and higher mortality rates of migrants, partial migration was adaptive across a wide range of migration rates and winterkill frequencies. Partial migration rates as low as 10% and winterkill occurrence as infrequent as once in 20 years were sufficient to cause invasiveness because of carp's reproductive potential and longevity. Consistent with the results of our model, empirical data showed that lake connectivity to winterkill-prone marshes was an important driver of carp abundance within the study region. Our results demonstrate that biological invasions may be driven by a small, migratory contingent of a population that exploits more beneficial reproductive habitats.

No abstract