The embryology of Eupatorium pauciflorum indicates diplospory with autonomous endosperm development. The embryo sac is of the polygonum type and the polar nuclei mostly fuse before anthesis. The occurrence of precocious embryo and endosperm development in unopened florets, and the total absence of germinated pollen grains on exposed stigmas, as well as the absence of pollen tubes in the ovules, indicate agamospermy to be obligate and embryo and endosperm development autonomous. The study of microsporogenesis revealed the total absence of pollen production in consequence of microsporocyte degeneration before the onset of meiosis, which resulted in absolute male sterility. E. pauciflorum was demonstrated to be an autotriploid with a basic set of 10 chromosomes, each represented three times. Embryological studies showed E. intermedium to undergo reductive meiosis with tetrad formation during megasporogenesis, followed by monosporic embryo sac development of the polygonum type. The polar nuclei fuse before anthesis. The egg cell invariably attains anthesis still undivided, without precocious embryony. Meiosis of microsporogenesis results in the regular formation of 10 bivalents and the subsequent stages of microsporogenesis are normal. Stigmatic loads indicate the regular occurrence of pollination with viable, functional grains. Karyotypic studies revealed a complement of 20 chromosomes separable into 10 pairs. It is concluded that E. pauciflorum, as represented by the material studied, is apomictic while E. intermedium is sexual. Os estudos embriológicos indicam que Eupatorium pauciflorum apresenta diplosporia com desenvolvimento autônomo do endosperma. O saco embrionário é do tipo polygonum e os núcleos polares se fundem antes da antese. A ocorrência de embrionia precoce e desenvolvimento do endosperma em flores fechadas, e a total ausência de grãos de pólen germinados em estigmas expostos, bem como a ausência de tubos polínicos nos óvulos, indicam que agamospermia é obrigatória e o desenvolvimento do embrião e do endosperma é autônomo. O estudo da microsporogênese revelou completa ausência de produção de pólen, em razão da degeneração dos microsporócitos antes do início da meiose, o que resulta em absoluta esterilidade masculina. E. pauciflorum demonstrou ser autotriplóide com um conjunto básico de 10 cromossomos repetidos três vezes. Os estudos embriológicos mostraram que E. intermedium sofre meiose reducional, com formação de tétrades durante a megasporogênese, seguida pelo desenvolvimento monospórico do saco embrionário do tipo polygonum. Os núcleos polares se fundem antes da antese. A oosfera invariavelmente permanece até a antese sem se dividir, impedindo a ocorrência de embrionia precoce. A meiose da microsporogênese resulta na formação regular de 10 bivalentes; os estágios subseqüentes da microsporogênese são normais e a análise da superfície estigmática indica a ocorrência regular de polinização, com grãos de pólen viáveis e funcionais. Estudos de cariótipo revelaram um complemento de 20 cromossomos sep...
Embryological studies indicate Eupatorium laevigatum to have Antennaria type diplospory with precocious embryony. The embryo sac is of the Polygonum type and the polar nuclei fuse before anthesis (maturation of the stamens). Endosperm development is autonomous and the central cell divides only after the initial stages of embryo formation. It is estimated that about 10% of the florets in anthesis contain an undivided egg which can be used for sexual reproduction. The study of microsporogenesis revealed abnormalities in chromosome pairing which result in the formation of univalents, bivalents, trivalents and higher polyvalents, with the consequent production of lagging chromosomes, unbalanced nuclei, micronuclei and sterile pollen. We found that, as represented by the material studied, E. laevigatum is an autohexaploid (2n = 6x = 60) in which each chromosome of a basic set of ten chromosomes is repeated six times and that E. laevigatum is an essentialy obligate apomictic.
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